ATI LPN
PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative. For which of the following findings should the nurse administer ondansetron?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Ondansetron is an antiemetic used to treat nausea and vomiting. In a postoperative client reporting nausea, administering ondansetron can help alleviate the symptom.
Choices B, C, and D do not indicate a need for ondansetron. Incisional pain (
B) would require analgesics, not ondansetron. A respiratory rate of 14/min (
C) within normal range doesn't require ondansetron. A blood pressure of 110/72 mm Hg (
D) is normal and doesn't necessitate ondansetron.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer gentamicin to a child who weighs 44 lb. The provider prescribes 6 mg/kg/day IV to be administered in three equal doses. Available is gentamicin 40 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 1 mL
Rationale:
Rationale:
To calculate the dose per administration, first convert the child's weight to kg (44 lb ÷ 2.2 = 20 kg).
Then multiply the weight by the prescribed dose (20 kg × 6 mg/kg/day = 120 mg/day). Divide the total daily dose by the number of doses (120 mg ÷ 3 doses = 40 mg per dose). Finally, divide the dose needed by the concentration of gentamicin available (40 mg ÷ 40 mg/mL = 1 mL per dose).
Therefore, the correct answer is 1 mL. Other choices are incorrect as they do not align with the accurate calculation derived from the prescription and weight of the child.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is talking with a client who takes NSAIDs routinely to treat osteoarthritis and has a new prescription for misoprostol. The client asks the nurse why he needs the second medication. Which of the following is an appropriate response?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Misoprostol will help prevent stomach ulcers, which can develop from taking NSAIDs for a long time. Misoprostol is often prescribed along with NSAIDs to protect the stomach lining and prevent the development of ulcers. NSAIDs can irritate the stomach lining and increase the risk of ulcers, so misoprostol helps counteract this side effect.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because misoprostol is not used to protect kidney function, boost NSAID effectiveness, or act as an antacid. It specifically targets stomach ulcers related to NSAID use.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a prescription for alendronate. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "I will take this medication right before I go to bed." Alendronate should be taken on an empty stomach in the morning with a full glass of water, then the patient should remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking it to prevent esophageal irritation and optimize absorption. Taking it before bed increases the risk of esophageal issues.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because drinking orange juice, remaining seated for 30 minutes, and taking the medication just once a month do not align with the correct administration instructions for alendronate.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 75 mg/kg/day divided equally every 8 hr to a child who weighs 20 kg. Available is amoxicillin oral suspension 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 10 mL
Rationale:
To calculate the correct dose of amoxicillin for the child, we first need to find the total daily dose: 75 mg/kg/day x 20 kg = 1500 mg/day. Since the dose is divided equally every 8 hours, we divide the total daily dose by 3 to get the dose for each 8-hour interval: 1500 mg/day ÷ 3 = 500 mg every 8 hours. Next, we convert 500 mg to mL using the concentration of the oral suspension: 250 mg/5 mL = 500 mg/x mL. Cross multiply and solve for x, we get x = 10 mL.
Therefore, the nurse should administer 10 mL of amoxicillin with each dose. Other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the correct calculation process or do not result in the accurate dose required for the child's weight.