ATI LPN
PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is assisting in the care of a client who is to receive a transfusion of packed RBCs. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because 0.9% sodium chloride solution is the appropriate IV solution to use when administering packed RBCs to prevent hemolysis. The sodium chloride solution is isotonic, which helps maintain the integrity of the RBCs during transfusion. Other choices are incorrect because: A: There is no specific time limit within which packed RBCs must be transfused. C: Using filterless IV tubing can increase the risk of air embolism and contamination. D: Remaining at the client's bedside for only 5 minutes is inadequate for monitoring potential adverse reactions during the transfusion.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 75 mg/kg/day divided equally every 8 hr to a child who weighs 20 kg. Available is amoxicillin oral suspension 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 10 mL
Rationale:
To calculate the dose, first, determine the total daily dose: 75 mg/kg/day x 20 kg = 1500 mg/day.
Then, divide this by the number of doses per day (3) to get 500 mg per dose. Next, convert this to mL using the concentration of the oral suspension (250 mg/5 mL). 500 mg ÷ 250 mg/5 mL = 10 mL.
Therefore, the correct answer is 10 mL.
Choice A is incorrect as it doesn't follow the correct calculation steps.
Choices B-G are incorrect as they do not accurately calculate the correct dose based on the child's weight and the concentration of the oral suspension.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse in a clinic is caring for a client who was admitted for diazepam toxicity. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Flumazenil. Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepine toxicity, such as diazepam. Administering Flumazenil in this case can help reverse the sedative and respiratory depressive effects of diazepam.
Incorrect choices:
A: Vitamin K is used for blood clotting disorders, not for benzodiazepine toxicity.
B: Calcium gluconate is used for treating calcium deficiencies, not for benzodiazepine toxicity.
C: Protamine sulfate is used to reverse the effects of heparin, not benzodiazepines.
In summary, Flumazenil is the appropriate choice to counter diazepam toxicity by antagonizing its effects on benzodiazepine receptors, while the other options are unrelated to managing benzodiazepine toxicity.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is experiencing oxycodone toxicity. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sedation. Oxycodone is an opioid that depresses the central nervous system, leading to sedation as a common manifestation of toxicity. Tachypnea (
A) is more commonly associated with opioid withdrawal rather than toxicity. Dilated pupils (
C) are more indicative of stimulant toxicity, not opioids. Tachycardia (
D) is unlikely with oxycodone toxicity due to its depressant effects on the cardiovascular system. Other choices are not relevant to oxycodone toxicity.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for benazepril. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Make sure to change positions slowly. Benazepril is an ACE inhibitor that can cause orthostatic hypotension, leading to dizziness or fainting when changing positions quickly. Instructing the client to change positions slowly can help prevent this adverse effect.
Choice B is incorrect because grapefruit juice does not interact with benazepril.
Choice C is incorrect as a cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors, and discontinuing the medication without consulting a healthcare provider is not recommended.
Choice D is incorrect because using salt substitutes can lead to high potassium levels when taking benazepril.