ATI LPN
ATI LPN UT1 Med Surg Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who reports persistent vomiting, dizziness, palpitations, and numbness and tingling in his fingers and toes and around his mouth. The nurse notes the client's respirations are slow and shallow. The nurse should suspect that the client has developed which of the following acid-base imbalances?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic alkalosis occurs due to a loss of hydrogen ions or an excess of bicarbonate, commonly caused by prolonged vomiting. The symptoms described, including persistent vomiting, tingling, and slow, shallow respirations, are consistent with metabolic alkalosis.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client in the emergency department (ED) who has high anxiety and shallow respirations at a rate of 30/min. Which of the following acid-base disturbances is the client most likely experiencing?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Respiratory alkalosis is typically caused by hyperventilation, where excessive breathing leads to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels. The client's symptoms of high anxiety and rapid, shallow respirations are indicative of hyperventilation, making respiratory alkalosis the most likely diagnosis.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who has multiple injuries following a motor vehicle crash. The nurse should monitor for which of the following manifestations of a pneumothorax?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Absence of breath sounds over the affected area is a hallmark sign of a pneumothorax. This occurs because air in the pleural space prevents lung expansion, leading to a lack of air movement and, consequently, no breath sounds.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has a respiratory disorder and displays manifestations of hypoxia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cyanosis, a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes, is a key sign of hypoxia. It occurs when there is insufficient oxygen in the blood, leading to a darker color of deoxygenated hemoglobin.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assisting with weaning a client from the ventilator. Which of the following parts of the ABCDEF assessment tool does the weaning process represent?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The 'Breathing: Spontaneous Awakening Trials (SAT) and Spontaneous Breathing Trials (SBT)' directly involves the weaning process, as it includes assessing the patient's ability to breathe independently by reducing or removing sedation (SAT) and evaluating their capacity for spontaneous breathing (SBT).