ATI LPN
ATI PN Pharmacology 2020 Exam 2 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching about sublingual nitroglycerin with a client who has angina. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the instructions?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "I should feel the effects of the medication within 5 minutes." This statement indicates understanding because sublingual nitroglycerin is a fast-acting medication that should provide relief within 5 minutes. Taking it every 10 minutes (
A) could lead to overdose. Taking it with food (
C) can delay absorption. Understanding that the medication can slow the heart rate (
D) is not relevant to the onset of action.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has been taking diazepam several times per day but recently ran out of the medication. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a manifestation of withdrawal from diazepam?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Tremors. Diazepam is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety and seizures. Withdrawal from diazepam can lead to physical and psychological symptoms, with tremors being a common manifestation due to the sudden decrease in the drug's effects on the central nervous system. Tremors are characterized by involuntary shaking of the hands or other body parts. Anorexia (
A) is not a typical withdrawal symptom of diazepam. Hypotension (
B) is not a common withdrawal symptom and is more likely to be associated with other drug classes. Drowsiness (
C) is actually a common side effect of diazepam, not a withdrawal symptom.
Therefore, the nurse should recognize tremors as a manifestation of withdrawal from diazepam.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has chronic stable angina and a new prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Take one tablet before a strenuous activity. This instruction is appropriate because sublingual nitroglycerin is used to relieve angina symptoms quickly by dilating blood vessels. Taking a tablet before a strenuous activity can help prevent angina episodes triggered by exertion.
Choice A is incorrect as sublingual nitroglycerin should be placed under the tongue, not swallowed with water.
Choice B is incorrect because taking up to four tablets in 15 minutes can lead to overdose.
Choice C is incorrect as sublingual nitroglycerin should not be chewed but allowed to dissolve under the tongue for quick absorption.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following arthroscopy and reports a pain level of 6 on a scale of 0 to 10 after receiving ketorolac 1 hr ago. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Administer oxycodone 5 mg orally. Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAI
D) used for pain relief, but if the client's pain level remains at 6 after receiving ketorolac, a stronger analgesic like oxycodone is needed. Oxycodone is an opioid pain medication that provides stronger pain relief. Acetaminophen (choice
C) may not be sufficient to address the client's pain level. Option A is incorrect because the client's pain level is still high and waiting another 3 hours for ketorolac may not provide adequate relief. Option B is incorrect and unethical as it assumes the client is seeking drugs rather than addressing genuine pain.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer gentamicin to a child who weighs 44 lb. The provider prescribes 6 mg/kg/day IV to be administered in three equal doses. Available is gentamicin 40 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale:
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale:
1. Calculate the total daily dose: 6 mg/kg/day x 44 lb = 264 mg/day.
2. Divide the total daily dose by 3 to get the dose per administration: 264 mg/day ÷ 3 = 88 mg/dose.
3. Convert 88 mg to mL using the available concentration (40 mg/mL): 88 mg ÷ 40 mg/mL ≈ 2.2 mL.
4. Round to the nearest whole number: 2.2 mL ≈ 2 mL per dose.
5. The correct answer is 1 mL per dose (rounding to the nearest whole number).
Summary:
-
Choice A is correct. Each dose should be 1 mL.
-
Choices B-G are incorrect as they do not follow the correct calculation method or rounding procedure.