ATI LPN
ATI PN Pharmacology 2020 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer gentamicin to a child who weighs 44 lb. The provider prescribes 6 mg/kg/day IV to be administered in three equal doses. Available is gentamicin 40 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the dosage, first, convert the child's weight to kg: 44 lb / 2.2 = 20 kg. Next, calculate the total daily dose: 6 mg/kg/day * 20 kg = 120 mg/day. Since the dose is to be divided into three equal doses, each dose would be 120 mg / 3 = 40 mg. Since gentamicin is available as 40 mg/mL, the nurse should administer 1 mL for each dose (40 mg / 40 mg/mL = 1 mL).
Therefore, the correct answer is A: 1 mL.
Choices B-G are incorrect as they do not align with the calculated dose based on the child's weight and the available concentration of the medication.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who has angina and a new prescription for nitroglycerin ointment. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cover the administration area with plastic wrap. This is the correct action because nitroglycerin ointment is a vasodilator used to relieve angina by relaxing blood vessels. By covering the administration area with plastic wrap, the nurse can help enhance the absorption of the medication and prevent it from being rubbed off onto clothing or bedding. This method helps ensure that the medication is effectively delivered to the patient's skin and absorbed into the bloodstream.
The other choices are incorrect:
A: Spreading the ointment in a 10 cm² area is not necessary and does not impact the effectiveness of the medication.
B: Massaging the ointment into the skin can lead to uneven absorption and may decrease the medication's effectiveness.
C: Applying the ointment in a thick layer can increase the risk of overdose and may lead to adverse effects.
Overall, covering the administration area with plastic wrap is the most appropriate action to ensure proper absorption and effectiveness of the
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about age-related changes that affect medication administration for older adult clients. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Renal excretion time slows for medication. As individuals age, there is a natural decline in renal function, leading to a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and reduced renal blood flow. This results in medications being cleared from the body at a slower rate, leading to potential drug accumulation and increased risk of adverse effects.
Choice B is incorrect because hepatic enzyme activity actually decreases with age, leading to a slower metabolism of medications rather than processing them more rapidly.
Choice C is incorrect as aging can lead to increased sensitivity to medications rather than decreased sensitivity due to changes in receptor function.
Choice D is incorrect as gastric emptying rate typically decreases with age, leading to delayed absorption of medications rather than an increase in rate.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who received diphenhydramine 1 hr ago after developing an allergic reaction to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Which of the following statements by the client should indicate to the nurse that the medication is effective?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "My voice is no longer hoarse." This indicates the medication is effective as diphenhydramine is an antihistamine that helps relieve allergic symptoms like hoarseness. Option B, feeling more alert, is not specific to the medication's effectiveness. Option C, headache relief, is not a common allergic reaction symptom. Option D, increased appetite, is unrelated to allergic reactions.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the family of a client who has a new prescription for donepezil. Which of the following therapeutic effects should the nurse inform the family to expect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: C - Improved cognitive function.
Rationale:
1. Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor used to treat Alzheimer's disease by increasing levels of acetylcholine in the brain.
2. Increased acetylcholine can enhance cognitive function, memory, and thinking skills in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
3.
Therefore, the family can expect the therapeutic effect of improved cognitive function with donepezil.
Summary:
A: Decreased urinary output - Not a common therapeutic effect of donepezil.
B: Improved pulmonary function - Not a relevant effect of donepezil in Alzheimer's disease treatment.
D: Decreased incidence of seizures - Donepezil does not primarily target seizure prevention.
E, F, G: No additional options provided.