Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pediculosis capitis, also known as head lice, is a common condition in children. One of the definitive indications of this condition is the presence of firmly attached white particles on the hair, which are the eggs or 'nits' of the lice. While itching and scratching of the head can be a symptom of pediculosis capitis, it is not a definitive indication as it can be caused by other conditions such as dandruff or dermatitis. Patchy areas of hair loss are not typically associated with pediculosis capitis. They could indicate a different condition, such as alopecia areata or tinea capitis. Thick yellow-crusted lesions on a red base are not a symptom of pediculosis capitis. This description is more consistent with impetigo, a bacterial skin infection.

Correct Answer: A,C,E

Rationale:
Choice A rationale: Cold compresses can help relieve joint pain associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Cold therapy can reduce inflammation and numb the affected area, providing temporary relief.
Choice B rationale: This is incorrect. Ibuprofen should not be taken on an empty stomach because it can cause stomach upset or even lead to ulcers or bleeding. It is generally recommended to take ibuprofen with food or milk.
Choice C rationale: Performing range of motion exercises can help maintain joint flexibility and muscle strength in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Regular exercise can also improve overall physical function and well-being.
Choice D rationale: While homeschooling may be a consideration for some families, it is not a general recommendation for all children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Many children with this condition can attend regular school with some accommodations as needed.
Choice E rationale: This is correct. Providing extra time for completion of activities of daily living (ADLs) can help children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis manage their symptoms and maintain their independence. It is important to allow children to perform tasks at their own pace to avoid causing unnecessary pain or fatigue.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: While placing a pillow under the child's head might seem like a good idea, it's actually not recommended during a seizure. The child's movements could be unpredictable, and a pillow could potentially cause suffocation. Removing the child's eyeglasses is a good idea, but it's not the first thing you should do. The child's safety is the top priority, and eyeglasses can be removed once the child is safe. Timing the seizure is important for medical professionals to know, but it's not the first action to take. The child's immediate safety is the priority. Moving the child into a side-lying position is the priority. This position helps keep the airway clear and allows any vomit to exit the mouth, reducing the risk of choking.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GER
D) in infants is a condition where the stomach contents flow back into the esophagus causing discomfort. However, the symptoms described, such as projectile vomiting and constant hunger, are more consistent with Pyloric Stenosis. Pyloric Stenosis is a condition in infants where the opening from the stomach to the small intestine narrows, preventing food from entering the small intestine. The symptoms described by the parents, such as projectile vomiting after every feeding and constant hunger, align with this condition. The infant's lack of weight gain could be due to the fact that food is not being properly digested and absorbed. The nurse should refer the infant for a surgical consultation as the treatment for Pyloric Stenosis is usually surgical. The nurse should monitor the infant's weight and frequency of vomiting to assess the infant's progress. Lactose Intolerance in infants is a condition where the infant has difficulty digesting lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. Symptoms can include gas, bloating, and diarrhea. However, the symptoms described by the parents do not align with this condition. Milk Protein Allergy in infants is a condition where the infant's immune system reacts negatively to the proteins in cow's milk. Symptoms can include hives, itching, wheezing, difficulty breathing, constipation, and bloody diarrhea. However, the symptoms described by the parents do not align with this condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale:
Step 1: Convert the child's weight from lbs to kg. Since 1 lb is approximately 0.45 kg, a child who weighs 6 lbs weighs approximately 2.72 kg (6 lbs × 0.45 =2.72 kg).
Step 2: Calculate the total daily dose of Ampicillin. The total daily dose is 50 mg/kg/day, so for a child who weighs 2.72 kg, the total daily dose would be approximately 136 mg (50 mg/kg/day × 2.72 kg = 136 mg/day).
Step 3: Since the total daily dose is divided into q hr doses (4 doses per day), each dose would be approximately 34 mg (136 mg/day ÷ 4 doses/day = 34 mg/dose). So, the child will receive approximately 34 mg of Ampicillin with each dose.