The client has a chronic tissue injury. Upon examining the client's antibody for a particular cellular response, Which of the following WBC component is responsible for phagocytosis in chronic tissue injury?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In chronic tissue injury, monocytes (D) are the key white blood cells (WBCs) for phagocytosis. They transform into macrophages, which persist in tissues, engulfing debris and pathogens over time. Neutrophils (A) dominate acute inflammation, arriving early but dying off quickly. Basophils (B) release histamine in allergic responses, not phagocytosis. Eosinophils (C) target parasites and allergies, not chronic injury cleanup. Chronic conditions require sustained immune action, and monocytes/macrophages excel here, unlike the short-lived neutrophils of acute phases. This cellular adaptation to prolonged injury makes D the correct choice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Mr. Gary's pain in his amputated left leg is phantom pain (D), a sensation in a missing limb, per neurological phenomena post-amputation. Acute (A) and chronic (B) relate to time, not absence. Referred (C) is mislocated from source. Phantom pain, common after limb loss, arises from nerve endings, making D the correct type.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In chronic tissue injury, monocytes (D) are the key white blood cells (WBCs) for phagocytosis. They transform into macrophages, which persist in tissues, engulfing debris and pathogens over time. Neutrophils (A) dominate acute inflammation, arriving early but dying off quickly. Basophils (B) release histamine in allergic responses, not phagocytosis. Eosinophils (C) target parasites and allergies, not chronic injury cleanup. Chronic conditions require sustained immune action, and monocytes/macrophages excel here, unlike the short-lived neutrophils of acute phases. This cellular adaptation to prolonged injury makes D the correct choice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Reading studies to update care is lifelong learning (A) continuous growth, per definition. Boundaries (B) limits, policy (C) rules, education (D) teaching not learning-specific. A fits the nurse's knowledge pursuit for Mr. Gary, making it correct.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Evidence-based care revolutionizes nursing by grounding decisions in the best available evidence, paired with the use of outcome studies to guide practice. This approach integrates research findings such as clinical trials or systematic reviews with patient outcomes, ensuring interventions are effective and measurable, not just theoretical. Specialty knowledge, while useful, is narrower and expert-driven, lacking the broad research base of evidence-based practice. The traditional medical model relies on established routines, often without current validation, while economic concerns prioritize cost over efficacy, neither aligning with this method's focus. Outcome studies provide concrete data, like reduced recovery times or lower infection rates, allowing nurses to adapt care dynamically. This shift enhances quality, safety, and patient-centeredness, moving nursing beyond intuition or tradition to a scientifically robust framework that improves health delivery across diverse settings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the research process, the scientific literature review seeking what's already known follows problem identification and precedes framework selection. Here, the nurse gathers existing studies on a topic, like pain management, to avoid redundancy and build on prior work. Identifying the problem area defines the issue, triggering the review. The theoretical framework then guides variable relationships, while the problem statement sets direction. The review synthesizes findings like opioid alternatives' efficacy informing hypotheses and methods. This step ensures research is grounded, efficient, and relevant, preventing duplication and positioning the nurse to contribute meaningfully to nursing knowledge, aligning with evidence-based practice's emphasis on informed inquiry.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The pancreas secretes insulin, glucagon, somatostatin e.g., sugar control unlike cortisol (adrenals). Nurses know e.g., diabetes for roles, per physiology.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Poor nutrition manifests in physical signs like dental caries (tooth decay), brittle hair (protein deficiency), and spongy gums (vitamin C deficiency). A deep red tongue with papillae is normal, not a malnutrition sign pallor or smoothness might indicate deficiency (e.g., B12). Nurses assess these cues to identify nutritional deficits, guiding dietary interventions to reverse symptoms and prevent complications like infection or delayed healing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the U.S.'s leading killer, per CDC, making it the nurse's focus for a health fair on prevention and promotion. CAD artery blockages causing heart attacks outpaces lung cancer, emphysema, and strokes in mortality, driven by risks like hypertension or smoking. Addressing it involves teaching heart-healthy habits diet, exercise primary prevention to stop onset, vital in nursing's public health role. Lung cancer and emphysema, though serious, trail CAD, while strokes (cerebrovascular accidents) rank lower. A fair targeting CAD could screen cholesterol or promote activity, cutting its toll over 600,000 deaths yearly aligning with nursing's aim to tackle top health threats, enhancing community wellness through education and early action.