Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The first nursing action when caring for a client with a wound infection is to perform a wound culture before applying antibiotics. This step is crucial to identify the specific infecting organism and determine the most effective antibiotic therapy.

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because changing the dressing, cleansing the wound, or applying a wet-to-dry dressing should only be done after obtaining the culture results and starting appropriate antibiotic treatment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Encouraging the client to use a stool softener is the appropriate intervention for constipation. Stool softeners help to soften the stool, making it easier to pass and relieving constipation without straining the client. Monitoring bowel sounds (
Choice
A) may be relevant for other gastrointestinal issues but is not specifically indicated for constipation. Increasing activity (
Choice
B) can be helpful in some cases, but it is not the first-line intervention for constipation. Encouraging bed rest (
Choice
D) can worsen constipation by reducing mobility and promoting inactivity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Ethical dilemmas involve conflicting values or feelings. In this situation, the family is conflicted about tube feeding for their terminally ill father, which presents a moral and ethical challenge.

Choices A, C, and D do not represent ethical dilemmas.
Choice A involves a nurse's impairment, which is a different issue.
Choice C involves a nurse's observation of a colleague's threat, which is a patient safety concern.
Choice D involves a client's hesitation in naming a spouse as power of attorney, which is a legal and decision-making issue, not necessarily an ethical dilemma.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is to apply ice to the affected knee for 24-48 hours. Applying ice helps to reduce inflammation and pain after knee surgery, promoting healing.
Choice A is incorrect because heat is not recommended postoperatively, as it can increase swelling.
Choice B is incorrect because pillows should be placed under the knee to keep it elevated.
Choice C is incorrect because early mobilization is essential for preventing complications such as blood clots.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the client should press the button when feeling fetal movement to track the baby's activity.
Choice A is incorrect because the client should press the button during movements.
Choice C is incorrect as the button should be pressed during fetal movements, not contractions.
Choice D is irrelevant to the instructions for the nonstress test.