Men may experience decreased effectiveness of which drug class due to higher lean body mass?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Choice B is correct because men's higher lean mass increases the volume of distribution for water-soluble drugs, reducing concentrations and effectiveness. Choice A is incorrect as lipid-soluble drugs benefit from fat, not lean mass. Choice C is wrong because protein binding isn't lean-mass dependent. Choice D is incorrect since only water-soluble drugs fit.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because drug abuse manifests as behavioral changes (e.g., irritability), physical signs (e.g., weight loss), and withdrawal (isolation), per addiction criteria. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one sign. Choice B is wrong by itself because symptoms are just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since withdrawal is only one indicator.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Choice B is correct because clozapine, due to agranulocytosis risk, is restricted to specialty pharmacies under REMS, unlike others. Choice A is incorrect as acetaminophen is widely available OTC. Choice C is wrong because ibuprofen is OTC and unrestricted. Choice D is incorrect since only clozapine fits.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because pharmacists offer practical advice, Medline provides research, and the Natural Medicines Database details supplement interactions—all are reliable sources. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's not comprehensive. Choice B is wrong by itself because it lacks specialized supplement focus. Choice C is incorrect solo since it misses clinical and research inputs.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because counterfeit drugs may lack active ingredients (ineffective), contain toxins (harmful), or have wrong doses (unsafe), posing serious risks, per WHO data. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one risk. Choice B is wrong by itself because contaminants are just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since dosage is only one issue.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because prescriptions are required for legend drugs (FDA-approved prescription drugs), most controlled drugs (DEA-regulated), and certain medical devices, covering all categories listed. Choice A is incorrect alone as it excludes controlled drugs and devices. Choice B is wrong by itself because it misses legend drugs and devices. Choice C is incorrect solo since it omits drugs entirely.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Choice C is incorrect because prescribing a third drug to counteract interactions adds complexity and risk, not a standard reduction strategy, making it the exception. Choice A is correct as reducing one drug's dose minimizes interaction effects. Choice B is right because staggering administration times can avoid peak interaction. Choice D is correct since lowering both doses reduces interaction potential.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because enteric-coated tablets (altered absorption), extended-release formulations (disrupted timing), and capsules (uneven dosing) shouldn't be split, risking efficacy or toxicity. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one type. Choice B is wrong by itself because extended-release is just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since capsules are only one category.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because an IND filing is required before human testing (phase I trials) to ensure safety data from preclinical studies supports proceeding, per FDA rules. Choice A is incorrect as phase III completion is too late—IND precedes all human trials. Choice B is wrong because discovery alone doesn't trigger filing; preclinical data is needed. Choice C is incorrect since animal testing occurs before the IND, not after.