Improper storage of drugs may lead to:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because improper storage can reduce potency (degradation), increase toxicity (chemical changes), and alter appearance (e.g., discoloration), per pharmacology principles. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one effect. Choice B is wrong by itself because toxicity is just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since appearance is only one outcome.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Choice A is correct because protein intake affects albumin levels, altering drug binding and free drug availability, directly impacting action. Choice B is incorrect as iron intake influences absorption of some drugs (e.g., tetracyclines), not action broadly. Choice C is wrong because vitamin D affects bone health, not drug action directly. Choice D is incorrect since only protein has a widespread pharmacokinetic impact.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Choice A is correct because studies show NPs provide cost-effective care with outcomes comparable to physicians, aligning with healthcare reform's focus on value and efficiency. Choice B is incorrect as independent practice isn't guaranteed by reform; it depends on state laws. Choice C is wrong because full reimbursement isn't universally promised and varies by system. Choice D is incorrect since shifting Medicaid costs is a policy issue, not a direct driver of NP practice thriving.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because withdrawal can cause anxiety (CNS rebound), nausea (GI distress), and seizures (severe cases), depending on the drug, per clinical data. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one symptom. Choice B is wrong by itself because nausea is just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since seizures are only one effect.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because acetaminophen (high doses), NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen), and aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin) can impair renal function, worsened by age-related decline, per nephrology data. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one risk. Choice B is wrong by itself because NSAIDs are just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since aminoglycosides are only one class.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Choice B is correct because St John's wort induces P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4, reducing digoxin levels and efficacy, a significant interaction. Choice A is incorrect as ginkgo biloba doesn't notably affect digoxin. Choice C is wrong because valerian root has minimal impact on digoxin pharmacokinetics. Choice D is incorrect since only St John's wort interacts markedly.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Choice C is correct because isotretinoin (Category X) causes severe birth defects and is avoided in pregnancy unless benefits (e.g., life-saving) outweigh risks, unlike others. Choice A is incorrect as fluoxetine (Category C) is often used if benefits justify it, with less severe risk. Choice B is wrong because acetaminophen (Category B) is generally safe in pregnancy. Choice D is incorrect since only isotretinoin fits the strict avoidance criterion.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because manufacturer recommendations are the safest and most accurate for pediatric dosing. Choice A is incorrect as one-third is arbitrary. Choice B is wrong since BSA is less reliable than weight-based dosing. Choice C is inaccurate as dividing by weight alone isn’t standard.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because improper storage can reduce potency (degradation), increase toxicity (chemical changes), and alter appearance (e.g., discoloration), per pharmacology principles. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one effect. Choice B is wrong by itself because toxicity is just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since appearance is only one outcome.