An 80-year-old woman has chronically low hemoglobin despite a diet high in iron. The primary care nurse practitioner (NP) will perform laboratory tests to confirm a diagnosis and should suspect the patient will need:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because elderly women are prone to folic acid deficiency, impairing hemoglobin synthesis despite iron intake. Choice A is incorrect (omega-3 unrelated). Choice C is wrong (multivitamin iron insufficient). Choice D is inaccurate (dietary folic acid less effective).

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because benzodiazepines, opioids, and alcohol all cause tolerance, requiring higher doses for the same effect due to receptor adaptation, per pharmacology. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one class. Choice B is wrong by itself because opioids are just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since alcohol is only one substance.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because ginkgo biloba decreases blood viscosity, enhancing warfarin’s bleeding risk. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they don’t significantly affect bleeding with warfarin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Choice A is correct because computer downtime or outages disrupt e-prescribing, delaying care, a known limitation. Choice B is incorrect as improved legibility is an advantage, not a disadvantage. Choice C is wrong because reduced errors are a benefit. Choice D is incorrect since confidentiality is enhanced, not a drawback.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because amlodipine (vasodilation), prazosin (alpha blockade), and furosemide (volume depletion) can cause orthostatic hypotension, risky in the elderly, per studies. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one drug. Choice B is wrong by itself because prazosin is just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since furosemide is only one agent.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because green leafy vegetables are high in vitamin K, which counteracts warfarin's anticoagulant effect, requiring dietary consistency or avoidance. Choice A is incorrect as milk doesn't significantly affect warfarin. Choice B is wrong because orange juice has no notable interaction. Choice C is incorrect since grapefruit juice impacts CYP3A4 drugs, not warfarin's VKORC1 mechanism.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because LactMed specializes in breastfeeding drug data, Medline offers research, and PDR includes manufacturer info—all provide relevant details. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one source. Choice B is wrong by itself because it's research-focused, not comprehensive. Choice C is incorrect solo since PDR is limited to labels.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is correct because amlodipine (vasodilation), prazosin (alpha blockade), and furosemide (volume depletion) can cause orthostatic hypotension, risky in the elderly, per studies. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one drug. Choice B is wrong by itself because prazosin is just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since furosemide is only one agent.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Choice B is correct because START (Screening Tool to Alert to Right Treatment) identifies underused beneficial drugs (e.g., statins) in the elderly, per guidelines. Choice A is incorrect as that's STOPP's role. Choice C is wrong because it's not about levels. Choice D is incorrect since only B fits.