A 15-year-old boy with a history of cystic fibrosis appears with fever and hemoptysis. Chest x-ray reveals a new infiltrate in the right upper lobe. Most likely diagnosis is:

Questions 57

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PN Pediatric Nursing 2023 70 Questions Questions

Question 1 of 9

A 15-year-old boy with a history of cystic fibrosis appears with fever and hemoptysis. Chest x-ray reveals a new infiltrate in the right upper lobe. Most likely diagnosis is:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pneumonia fits fever, hemoptysis, and infiltrate in cystic fibrosis, per CFF. B-E are less consistent.

Question 2 of 9

A neonate with jaundice under phototherapy requires

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: All *E* are essential for phototherapy care, per document p21, 0.

Question 3 of 9

A 6-year-old boy presents with chest pain and a murmur. Echocardiogram shows aortic stenosis. The next step is:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Balloon valvuloplasty relieves aortic stenosis, per AHA. A, C-E depend on severity.

Question 4 of 9

A child has vesicles that have ruptured around the mouth and nose to form a thick honey-colored crust. The nurse suspects that this is:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Impetigo (C) features vesicles rupturing into honey-colored crusts, a bacterial infection. Miliaria (A) is heat rash, corporis pedis (B) is a typo (likely tinea), and scabies (D) causes itching burrows. Document: 'Impetigo consists of moist… vesicles… [forming] thick honey-colored crusts.'

Question 5 of 9

A child with a history of asthma suddenly develops unilateral wheezing and respiratory distress following choking while eating peanuts. Most likely diagnosis is:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Foreign body aspiration fits sudden unilateral wheezing post-choking, per AAP. Asthma is bilateral, and C-E are less acute.

Question 6 of 9

The characteristic skin lesions of Pseudomonas are:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Ecthyma gangrenosum is the classic Pseudomonas lesion, featuring necrotic ulcers, especially in immunocompromised patients (IDSA). Erythema multiforme is immune-related, nodules are nonspecific, pustular melanosis is neonatal, and cellulitis lacks specificity.

Question 7 of 9

The nurse should monitor a child with a fracture for

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: All D are critical in fracture care, per document p46, 5.

Question 8 of 9

A 3-year-old with pneumonia should be positioned

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Head elevated B aids breathing, per document p53, .

Question 9 of 9

A 15-year-old boy with a history of cystic fibrosis appears with fever and hemoptysis. Chest x-ray reveals a new infiltrate in the right upper lobe. Most likely diagnosis is:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pneumonia fits fever, hemoptysis, and infiltrate in cystic fibrosis, per CFF. B-E are less consistent.

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