Correct Answer: A,B,E

Rationale: A. Empty bladder completely with each void: Ensuring the bladder is completely emptied helps to reduce the risk of residual urine, which can promote bacterial growth and increase the risk of UTIs. B. Avoid bubble baths: Bubble baths can irritate the urethra and promote bacterial growth, increasing the risk of UTIs. Avoiding them helps in prevention. C. Increase fiber intake: Increasing fiber intake is not directly related to UTI prevention and is more relevant to digestive health. D. Wear nylon underpants: Nylon underpants can trap moisture and create a warm environment that supports bacterial growth. Cotton underwear is recommended instead. E. Watch for manifestations of infection: Being vigilant for signs of infection such as fever, pain, or changes in urination patterns is crucial for early detection and treatment of UTIs.

Correct Answer: C,D,E

Rationale: A. Excessive hair growth: Hair loss, not excessive hair growth, is a common side effect of chemotherapy. B. Increased appetite. Chemotherapy often causes nausea, vomiting, and reduced appetite, not an increase in appetite. C. Fatigue. Fatigue is a common side effect of chemotherapy due to its impact on the body, including reduced blood counts and overall systemic stress. D. Possible infections: Chemotherapy weakens the immune system, increasing the risk of infections. The nurse will monitor the child for signs of infection and implement measures to prevent them, like proper hand hygiene and maintaining a clean environment. E. Easy bruising: Chemotherapy can affect blood clotting, making the child more susceptible to bruising. The nurse will educate the parents and child about precautions to minimize bruising risks.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Constipation: Vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle-cell disease is characterized by severe pain due to ischemia from blocked blood flow, rather than gastrointestinal symptoms like constipation. Vomiting: Vomiting is not typically associated with vaso-occlusive crisis but may occur due to pain or other causes. Pain: Pain is the hallmark symptom of vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle-cell disease, caused by ischemia and tissue damage. Bradycardia: Bradycardia is not a typical finding in vaso-occlusive crisis; instead, tachycardia might be present due to pain or stress.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Projectile vomiting after feedings: Projectile vomiting after feedings, especially occurring a short time after feeding, is a classic sign of pyloric stenosis due to obstruction at the pylorus. Absent bowel sounds: Absent bowel sounds may occur in more advanced cases of bowel obstruction but are not specific to pyloric stenosis. Increased sodium level: Increased sodium level is not typically associated with pyloric stenosis. Golf ball-size mass over the left quadrant: A palpable mass in the left quadrant is not a typical finding in pyloric stenosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Remove clothing. Removing clothing is important to prevent further injury from retained heat or chemicals, but it is not the first priority compared to ensuring a patent airway and adequate breathing. Administer pain medication. Pain management is important but comes after ensuring the child's airway and respiratory status are stable. Assess respiratory status. Burns on the face and chest can compromise the airway and breathing. Assessing respiratory status is the first priority to ensure the child's airway is not obstructed and that they are receiving adequate oxygen. Insert a Foley catheter. Inserting a Foley catheter may be necessary to monitor urine output and assess kidney function in severe burns, but it is not the first priority compared to assessing respiratory status.