ATI LPN
ATI LPN Med Surg Exam 5 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A 52-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital with symptoms of confusion, headache, and muscle cramps. Laboratory tests reveal the following findings: serum sodium 120 mEq/L, serum osmolality 260 mOsm/kg, urine osmolality 500 mOsm/kg, and urine sodium 40 mEq/L. What is the most likely diagnosis based on these laboratory findings?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Low serum sodium, low serum osmolality, and high urine osmolality indicate SIADH, where excessive ADH causes water retention and hyponatremia.
Question 2 of 5
A patient presents with severe ear pain, itching, and discharge from the ear. Upon examination, the external auditory canal is swollen and red. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial intervention for a patient diagnosed with otitis externa?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Topical antibiotics and corticosteroids effectively treat infection and inflammation in otitis externa, reducing symptoms.
Question 3 of 5
A 55-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes is admitted to the hospital and is on NPH insulin. The patient experiences symptoms of hypoglycemia. At what time after administration of NPH insulin should the nurse be most vigilant for signs of hypoglycemia due to the peak action of the insulin?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: NPH insulin peaks 4-12 hours after administration, the period of highest hypoglycemia risk due to its glucose-lowering effect.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus about self-care during illness. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Frequent blood glucose testing every 6 hours during illness helps manage fluctuations and prevent complications in type 1 diabetes.
Question 5 of 5
A 72-year-old patient comes to the clinic complaining of sudden onset eye pain, nausea, and seeing halos around lights. The nurse notes that the patient's pupil is mid-dilated and non-reactive to light. What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sudden eye pain, nausea, halos, and a mid-dilated pupil indicate narrow-angle glaucoma, a medical emergency.