ATI LPN
ATI LPN Med Surg Exam 5 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has diabetes mellitus about the manifestations of hypoglycemia. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Feeling shaky is a classic hypoglycemia symptom due to adrenaline release in response to low blood sugar.
Question 2 of 5
A 52-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital with symptoms of confusion, headache, and muscle cramps. Laboratory tests reveal the following findings: serum sodium 120 mEq/L, serum osmolality 260 mOsm/kg, urine osmolality 500 mOsm/kg, and urine sodium 40 mEq/L. What is the most likely diagnosis based on these laboratory findings?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Low serum sodium, low serum osmolality, and high urine osmolality indicate SIADH, where excessive ADH causes water retention and hyponatremia.
Question 3 of 5
A 45-year-old male patient presents to the emergency department with excessive thirst, frequent urination, and signs of dehydration. His laboratory results show low urine osmolality and high serum sodium levels. Based on this case scenario, which of the following management strategies would be appropriate for this patient? (Select All that Apply.)
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Desmopressin reduces urine output in conditions like diabetes insipidus, and hypotonic saline corrects dehydration and high serum sodium. Diuretics, fluid restriction, and hypertonic saline would worsen the condition.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is providing care for an older adult client who has hyperglycemia, polydipsia, and polyuria. Which of the following manifestations supports the clinical presentation of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)? (Select All that Apply.)
Correct Answer: B,C,D,F
Rationale: Fever, older age, high serum glucose, and insidious onset are characteristic of HHS, unlike acetone breath and low bicarbonate, which suggest DKA.
Question 5 of 5
A 65-year-old patient is admitted to the ICU with myxedema coma. Which of the following interventions is the priority for this patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IV levothyroxine is critical to rapidly correct severe hypothyroidism in myxedema coma, addressing life-threatening symptoms like hypothermia and bradycardia.