ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Exam I Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Which statement is correct about patient tolerance to medications?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Tolerance reflects receptor desensitization or enzyme induction; higher doses compensate for reduced drug efficacy, a common pharmacological adaptation. Organ failure affects metabolism, not tolerance; tolerance is a cellular response, not solely a failure of liver or kidney drug clearance mechanisms. Stable dosing contradicts tolerance; if tolerance develops, efficacy drops, necessitating dose increases, not maintenance, to achieve therapeutic levels. Non-adherence may alter response, but tolerance occurs with consistent use; it's a physiological adaptation, not a result of misuse or skipping doses.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection for a client of average weight. At what angle would the nurse insert the needle?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IM injections use a 90-degree angle; this ensures deep muscle penetration for average-weight adults, optimizing drug absorption into vascular tissue. 45 degrees is for subcutaneous injections; it's too shallow for IM, risking fat deposition instead of muscle, reducing efficacy in this context. 15 degrees is far too shallow; it's not a standard angle, likely depositing drug in skin layers, failing to reach muscle for intended absorption. 25 degrees mimics subcutaneous; it doesn't reach muscle depth, compromising IM delivery and therapeutic effect in an average-weight client.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is administering a dose of insulin to a patient. To practice nursing safely and effectively, the nurse should:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Administering insulin at proper timing correlates with mealtimes. However, this alone doesn't ensure safe practice. Confirming the injection site prevents lipodystrophy but does not address dose accuracy, which is vital for safety. Insulin is injected subcutaneously, not in the deltoid muscle. Using incorrect sites disrupts absorption. Double-checking insulin dose prevents administration errors, ensuring compliance with medication safety protocols.
Question 4 of 5
How will the nurse administer a nitroglycerin sublingual tablet to the patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Positioning the tablet next to the cheek alters absorption and delays onset. Sublingual placement ensures rapid effect. Swallowing bypasses sublingual absorption, reducing efficacy. The route is critical for desired therapeutic outcomes. Crushing and dissolving disrupts integrity, compromising rapid sublingual absorption. Proper administration maintains efficacy. Sublingual placement allows rapid dissolution and absorption via mucous membranes, ensuring swift therapeutic action.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing patient response to medications received. Which must the nurse know about these drugs to best evaluate whether the expected outcomes of the drug therapy have been achieved?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Therapeutic effects define expected outcomes; knowing these (e.g., pain relief) lets the nurse assess if the drug meets its clinical goal effectively. Chemical composition informs structure, not outcome; it's irrelevant to evaluating if the drug achieves its intended physiological effect directly. Mechanism explains how drugs work; it's useful but secondary to knowing the actual therapeutic result needed for outcome assessment. Side effects monitor safety, not efficacy; they don't directly measure if the drug achieves its primary therapeutic purpose as intended.