ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Exam I Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A patient who is to receive a daily medication by the oral route has had nausea and vomiting for the last 24 hours. The best action to ensure that the patient receives the scheduled dose is to:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Withholding delays treatment; nausea may persist, risking vomiting of the dose if given later, reducing bioavailability and therapeutic effect over time. Sips of water won't prevent vomiting; with ongoing nausea, the oral dose is likely expelled, decreasing absorption and failing to deliver the medication effectively. Crackers may worsen nausea or fail to retain the dose; vomiting risks remain high, compromising oral administration's reliability in this acute condition. Rectal or parenteral routes bypass the stomach, ensuring delivery despite vomiting; this maintains therapeutic levels, critical for efficacy in a nauseated patient.
Question 2 of 5
The physician orders Zestril 15 mg po daily for hypertension. The medication is supplied in 5-mg tablets. How many tablets will the nurse administer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: One 5-mg tablet provides only 5 mg, far below the 15 mg ordered; this underdose fails to control hypertension effectively, risking cardiovascular complications like stroke or heart failure. Two tablets yield 10 mg, still short of 15 mg; this insufficient dose wouldn't achieve therapeutic blood pressure reduction, leaving the patient at risk for hypertensive damage. Three 5-mg tablets equal 15 mg, matching the order precisely; this dose effectively inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme, lowering blood pressure to a therapeutic range safely. Four tablets deliver 20 mg, exceeding the order; this overdose could cause hypotension, dizziness, or renal impairment due to excessive ACE inhibition beyond therapeutic needs.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is going to administer a medication that must be crushed for the patient to take it. This medication is best given to the patient by:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Applesauce masks taste and aids swallowing; it ensures crushed medication is consumed fully, maintaining dose integrity without altering pharmacokinetics significantly. Juice may alter absorption, water may not mask bitterness, and meat/vegetables risk uneven distribution.
Question 4 of 5
When preparing to administer an intradermal injection to an adult, the nurse ensures that the dose amount does not exceed 0.1 mL. A 1 mL tuberculin syringe is used with a 25-gauge needle and is administered at which angle?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A 12-degree angle is too shallow, increasing the risk of incorrect placement and ineffective administration of the intradermal injection. The 15-degree angle ensures precise intradermal placement, forming a wheal that indicates proper administration into the dermis for optimal absorption. A 30-degree angle places the medication too deep into subcutaneous tissue, compromising intended drug absorption. A 45-degree angle results in subcutaneous rather than intradermal injection, altering the drug's effectiveness and purpose.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is to administer a nephrotoxic medication to the patient. Which assessment finding indicates to the nurse that the patient should receive a reduced dosage of the drug?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diabetic kidney disease with hypertension impairs filtration; reduced glomerular rate necessitates lower nephrotoxic doses to prevent further renal damage. Osteoarthritis, diet, and smoking do not directly indicate impaired kidney function requiring dose adjustment.