ATI LPN
PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has motion sickness and a new prescription for a transdermal patch of scopolamine. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following adverse effects?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Drowsiness. Scopolamine, a common medication for motion sickness, can cause drowsiness as a side effect. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for this adverse effect because it can affect their alertness and ability to operate machinery safely. Diarrhea (
A), bruising (
B), and jaundice (
C) are not typically associated with scopolamine use for motion sickness.
Therefore, they are incorrect choices.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who takes furosemide daily for heart failure. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse review before administering the medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Serum potassium. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause potassium loss through increased urination. Monitoring serum potassium levels is crucial to prevent hypokalemia, which can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias. Reviewing and addressing any abnormal potassium levels before administering furosemide is essential for the client's safety.
Choices A, B, and D are unrelated to furosemide therapy for heart failure. Option A (Erythrocyte sedimentation rate) measures inflammation and is not directly affected by furosemide. Option B (Thyroxine) is a thyroid hormone level and is not impacted by furosemide use. Option D (Serum aspartate aminotransferase) is a liver enzyme, not typically affected by furosemide.
Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect for monitoring before administering furosemide in this scenario.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer acetaminophen 650 mg rectally. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Have the client lie on his left side for 5 min after insertion. This position allows for optimal absorption of the medication. Placing the client on the left side helps the suppository reach the rectal mucosa, enhancing drug absorption. This position also prevents the suppository from being expelled prematurely.
Choice A is incorrect because inserting the suppository too far (5 cm) can cause discomfort or injury.
Choice B is unnecessary as lubrication is typically not needed for rectal suppositories.
Choice D is incorrect as warming the suppository is not recommended and may alter the medication's effectiveness.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 75 mg/kg/day divided equally every 8 hr to a child who weighs 20 kg. Available is amoxicillin oral suspension 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 10 mL
Rationale:
To calculate the correct dose of amoxicillin for the child, we first need to find the total daily dose: 75 mg/kg/day x 20 kg = 1500 mg/day. Since the dose is divided equally every 8 hours, we divide the total daily dose by 3 to get the dose for each 8-hour interval: 1500 mg/day ÷ 3 = 500 mg every 8 hours. Next, we convert 500 mg to mL using the concentration of the oral suspension: 250 mg/5 mL = 500 mg/x mL. Cross multiply and solve for x, we get x = 10 mL.
Therefore, the nurse should administer 10 mL of amoxicillin with each dose. Other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the correct calculation process or do not result in the accurate dose required for the child's weight.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assisting in the development of an in-service about the varicella vaccine. The nurse should include which of the following examples as a contraindication for receiving the vaccine?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: A client who is pregnant. Varicella vaccine is contraindicated during pregnancy due to the potential risk of harm to the fetus. The live attenuated vaccine may pose a theoretical risk of causing harm to the developing fetus. It is recommended that women avoid becoming pregnant for at least one month after receiving the varicella vaccine.
A: Breastfeeding is not a contraindication for the varicella vaccine. In fact, breastfeeding is encouraged after receiving the vaccine.
B: Having an allergy to latex is not a contraindication for the varicella vaccine.
C: Having a sinus infection is not a contraindication for the varicella vaccine.
E, F, G: No information given, so they cannot be evaluated.