ATI LPN
ATI LPN UT1 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a graduating nurse about fluid volume deficit. Which of the following concepts about water balance should the nurse explain to the graduating nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In fluid volume deficit, the intravascular space loses water, leading to decreased blood volume and symptoms like hypotension.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following are the most common manifestations of COPD? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: A: Dyspnea is a hallmark symptom of COPD. B: Chronic cough reflects airway inflammation. C: Wheezing occurs due to airway narrowing. D: Sputum production is common due to mucus hypersecretion.
Extract:
History
A 50-year-old male presents with a 2-week history of persistent facial pain, nasal congestion, and a thick, yellowish nasal discharge.
He also reports a decreased sense of smell and worsening headache that seems to be localized around his forehead and cheekbones.
Examination
A 50-year-old male presents with a 2-week history of persistent facial pain, nasal congestion, and a thick, yellowish nasal discharge.
He also reports a decreased sense of smell and worsening headache that seems to be localized around his forehead and cheekbones.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for this patient, given the likely diagnosis of acute sinusitis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oral antibiotics are indicated for acute bacterial sinusitis lasting longer than 10 days to target the underlying infection.
Extract:
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who is postoperative and has a respiratory rate of 7/min. The arterial blood gas (ABG) values include: pH 7.22, PaCO2 68 mm Hg, Base excess -2, PaO2 78 mm Hg, Oxygen saturation 80%, Bicarbonate 28 mEq/L. Which of the following interpretations of the ABG values should the nurse make?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Respiratory acidosis is indicated by a low pH and high PaCO2. The client's pH is 7.22 (acidic) and PaCO2 is 68 mm Hg (elevated), consistent with respiratory acidosis.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who reports persistent vomiting, dizziness, palpitations, and numbness and tingling in his fingers and toes and around his mouth. The nurse notes the client's respirations are slow and shallow. The nurse should suspect that the client has developed which of the following acid-base imbalances?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic alkalosis occurs due to a loss of hydrogen ions or an excess of bicarbonate, commonly caused by prolonged vomiting. The symptoms described, including persistent vomiting, tingling, and slow, shallow respirations, are consistent with metabolic alkalosis.