ATI LPN
ATI LPN UT1 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
History
A 28-year-old male with no significant past medical history presents to the emergency department with sudden-onset sharp chest pain and shortness of breath.
He reports that the pain started while he was lifting weights at the gym.
Physical Examination
On physical examination, you note decreased breath sounds on the right side of the chest and hyperresonance on percussion.
A chest X-ray reveals a visceral pleural line and absent vascular markings on the right side.
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management for this patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation and findings suggest a pneumothorax, requiring immediate needle decompression and chest tube insertion to relieve pleural pressure.
Extract:
Question 2 of 5
A charge nurse is providing an in-service to a group of nurses about hypomagnesemia. Which of the following should the charge nurse include as risk factors for this condition? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: A: Gastric bypass surgery can lead to decreased absorption of nutrients, including magnesium. B: Renal failure can impair magnesium regulation. D: ICU patients are at risk due to critical illness and medications. E: Hemodialysis can cause magnesium loss.
Extract:
History
A 40-year-old male is brought to the emergency department following a motor vehicle accident. He exhibits severe respiratory distress and has a history of blunt trauma to the chest.
Physical examination
On physical examination, you notice paradoxical movement of the chest wall: during inspiration, the affected segment of the chest wall moves inward, and during expiration, it moves outward.
His breath sounds are diminished on auscultation over the affected area, and he has a noticeable decrease in oxygen saturation.
Question 3 of 5
What is the most appropriate initial management for this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Paradoxical chest wall movement indicates flail chest with likely pneumothorax, requiring needle decompression and chest tube insertion to stabilize the patient.
Extract:
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following are the most common manifestations of COPD? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: A: Dyspnea is a hallmark symptom of COPD. B: Chronic cough reflects airway inflammation. C: Wheezing occurs due to airway narrowing. D: Sputum production is common due to mucus hypersecretion.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has pneumonia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to thin the client's respiratory secretions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increasing fluid intake helps thin respiratory secretions, making them easier to clear from the lungs.