ATI LPN
ATI LPN Med Surg Exam 5 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is providing care for an older adult client who has hyperglycemia, polydipsia, and polyuria. Which of the following manifestations supports the clinical presentation of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)? (Select All that Apply.)
Correct Answer: B,C,D,F
Rationale: Fever, older age, high serum glucose, and insidious onset are characteristic of HHS, unlike acetone breath and low bicarbonate, which suggest DKA.
Question 2 of 5
An 18-year-old patient with a known history of sickle cell anemia presents to the emergency department with severe pain in the lower back and joints, fever, and signs of dehydration. What is the most appropriate initial nursing intervention?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IV fluids and pain management address dehydration and severe pain in sickle cell crisis, stabilizing the patient and reducing vaso-occlusion.
Question 3 of 5
A 52-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital with symptoms of confusion, headache, and muscle cramps. Laboratory tests reveal the following findings: serum sodium 120 mEq/L, serum osmolality 260 mOsm/kg, urine osmolality 500 mOsm/kg, and urine sodium 40 mEq/L. What is the most likely diagnosis based on these laboratory findings?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Low serum sodium, low serum osmolality, and high urine osmolality indicate SIADH, where excessive ADH causes water retention and hyponatremia.
Question 4 of 5
A patient presents with a thyroid storm. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate to initially manage this condition?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Propranolol controls symptoms like tachycardia and hypertension in thyroid storm and inhibits T4 to T3 conversion, making it the initial intervention.
Question 5 of 5
A 21-year-old patient with a known history of sickle cell anemia presents to the emergency department with severe pain in the lower back and joints, fatigue, and fever. What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vaso-occlusive crisis is a common complication of sickle cell anemia, where sickled red blood cells block blood flow, causing severe pain, fever, and fatigue, matching the patient's symptoms.