ATI LPN
ATI LPN UT1 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client in the emergency department (ED) who has high anxiety and shallow respirations at a rate of 30/min. Which of the following acid-base disturbances is the client most likely experiencing?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Respiratory alkalosis is typically caused by hyperventilation, where excessive breathing leads to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels. The client's symptoms of high anxiety and rapid, shallow respirations are indicative of hyperventilation, making respiratory alkalosis the most likely diagnosis.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a positive Trousseau's sign and bone pain. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse suspect to find with this client?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypocalcemia is associated with a positive Trousseau's sign and bone pain due to calcium's role in neuromuscular function and bone health.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a graduating nurse about fluid volume deficit. Which of the following concepts about water balance should the nurse explain to the graduating nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In fluid volume deficit, the intravascular space loses water, leading to decreased blood volume and symptoms like hypotension.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assisting with the plan of care for a client who has pneumonia and requires chest percussion, vibration, and postural drainage. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to complete first?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Proper positioning is crucial for effective postural drainage, as it allows gravity to assist in moving secretions from the lung areas to the central airways.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following are the most common manifestations of COPD? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: A: Dyspnea is a hallmark symptom of COPD. B: Chronic cough reflects airway inflammation. C: Wheezing occurs due to airway narrowing. D: Sputum production is common due to mucus hypersecretion.