ATI LPN
ATI LPN UT1 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
History
A 40-year-old male is brought to the emergency department following a motor vehicle accident. He exhibits severe respiratory distress and has a history of blunt trauma to the chest.
Physical examination
On physical examination, you notice paradoxical movement of the chest wall: during inspiration, the affected segment of the chest wall moves inward, and during expiration, it moves outward.
His breath sounds are diminished on auscultation over the affected area, and he has a noticeable decrease in oxygen saturation.
Question 1 of 5
What is the most appropriate initial management for this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Paradoxical chest wall movement indicates flail chest with likely pneumothorax, requiring needle decompression and chest tube insertion to stabilize the patient.
Extract:
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is collecting data on a client who has pneumonia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tachypnea is a common sign of pneumonia, reflecting the body's attempt to improve oxygenation.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who reports persistent vomiting, dizziness, palpitations, and numbness and tingling in his fingers and toes and around his mouth. The nurse notes the client's respirations are slow and shallow. The nurse should suspect that the client has developed which of the following acid-base imbalances?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic alkalosis occurs due to a loss of hydrogen ions or an excess of bicarbonate, commonly caused by prolonged vomiting. The symptoms described, including persistent vomiting, tingling, and slow, shallow respirations, are consistent with metabolic alkalosis.
Question 4 of 5
A charge nurse is providing an in-service to a group of nurses about hypomagnesemia. Which of the following should the charge nurse include as risk factors for this condition? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: A: Gastric bypass surgery can lead to decreased absorption of nutrients, including magnesium. B: Renal failure can impair magnesium regulation. D: ICU patients are at risk due to critical illness and medications. E: Hemodialysis can cause magnesium loss.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following are the most common manifestations of COPD? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: A: Dyspnea is a hallmark symptom of COPD. B: Chronic cough reflects airway inflammation. C: Wheezing occurs due to airway narrowing. D: Sputum production is common due to mucus hypersecretion.