ATI LPN
ATI LPN Med Surg U13 Exam Questions
Extract:
Vital Signs
Blood pressure 88/54 mmHg, heart rate 115 bpm, respiratory rate 22 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation 94% on room air.
A 55-year-old male patient presents to the emergency department with complaints of acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. The patient reports passing black, tarry stools and experiencing dizziness and weakness. On physical examination, he is pale and diaphoretic.
Initial CBC results:
White Blood Cell Count (WBC): 15,000 cells/µL (4,000 - 11,000 cells/µL)
Hemoglobin (Hgb): 6.5 g/dl (12.0 - 16.0 g/dL)
Hematocrit (Hct): 33% (37% - 47%)
Platelet Count: 250,000 cells/µL (150,000 - 450,000 cells/µL)
Question 1 of 5
A 55-year-old male patient presents to the emergency department with complaints of acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Which of the following are the most appropriate initial nursing interventions for this patient? (Select all that apply)
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: A, B, C, D: Administering IV fluids addresses hypotension and tachycardia, preparing for a blood transfusion corrects severe anemia, monitoring hemoglobin and hematocrit assesses anemia severity, and a PPI helps control bleeding. Oral iron supplements are not suitable for acute bleeding.
Extract:
Question 2 of 5
A male presents to the emergency department with confusion, lethargy, and a decreased level of consciousness. His friends report that he ingested a large quantity of unknown pills in a suicide attempt. Laboratory results reveal severe metabolic acidosis, high anion gap, and elevated serum creatinine. Which of the following is the most urgent indication for initiating dialysis in this patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Overdose: Dialysis is indicated to clear toxins from an overdose causing metabolic acidosis and renal impairment. CKD, hypertension, or dehydration are not the primary reasons.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has an intestinal obstruction and is receiving continuous gastrointestinal decompression using a nasogastric tube. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Measure abdominal girth daily: Measuring abdominal girth daily helps assess for changes in distention, which is important in monitoring the effectiveness of the decompression. Lemon-glycerin swabs can dry the oral mucosa, Fowler's position is appropriate but not the primary intervention here, and sterile water is not recommended for NG tube irrigation.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is providing education to a client who has recently been diagnosed with Crohn's disease. Which of the following explanations by the nurse best simplifies and explains the disorder in non-medical terms?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Crohn's disease has the appearance of a patchwork quilt with some areas that are clear and some with sores: This simplifies Crohn's skip lesion pattern for patients. Other options are either too technical or inaccurate.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who reports to the clinic for laboratory tests. The client has an acute kidney injury caused by acute tubular necrosis and asks why their glomerular filtration rate keeps decreasing. Which of the following pathophysiological changes occurring in the kidney should the nurse explain as the cause of decrease?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is injury to the renal tubular cells: In ATN, tubular cell damage disrupts nephron filtration, causing a decline in GFR. Inflammation, reduced blood flow, or obstruction are not the primary causes.