ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Exam I Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Which is the priority action of the nurse immediately after administration of an intramuscular injection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Informing the patient is secondary; it addresses communication but not immediate safety risks like needlestick injury, which is a higher priority post-injection per occupational health standards. Assessing comfort is important but not urgent; pain evaluation can wait after securing the needle, as safety from sharps exposure outweighs immediate patient feedback in priority. Engaging the safety sheath prevents needlestick injuries; it's the priority action to protect the nurse and others from bloodborne pathogens, aligning with universal precautions post-injection. Checking for bleeding is routine but not critical; minor oozing is common and manageable later, while needle safety is an immediate concern to prevent infection risks.
Question 2 of 5
The patient prefers to take an herbal supplement rather than the prescription medication ordered by the physician. Which is the most appropriate response of the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Convenience doesn't ensure efficacy; supplements lack rigorous testing, potentially delivering inconsistent doses or contaminants, unlike prescription drugs' controlled standards. Cost isn't a clinical justification; lower price may reflect unregulated production, risking potency or safety compared to prescriptions validated by scientific trials. Supplements aren't FDA-regulated like prescriptions; lacking standardized purity and efficacy tests, they may contain variable active ingredients, posing therapeutic risks. Plant-based doesn't guarantee safety; many herbs are toxic or interact harmfully with drugs, unlike prescriptions with established pharmacokinetics and safety profiles.
Question 3 of 5
The technique in which the practitioner alters body energy fields by passing his hands over the patient to determine where tensions exist is the practice of:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Biofeedback uses devices to monitor physiological signals (e.g., heart rate); it doesn't involve hands altering energy fields, focusing on self-regulation instead. Allopathic is conventional medicine (e.g., drugs, surgery); it relies on empirical science, not energy field manipulation, differing from the described technique. Imagery involves mental visualization for relaxation; it's cognitive, not physical, and lacks the hands-on energy assessment central to the practice. Therapeutic touch uses hand passes to sense and adjust energy fields; it aims to reduce tension, aligning precisely with the described holistic method.
Question 4 of 5
After the nurse hands a client a medication, the client says, 'What is this red tablet for? I have always taken a yellow pill.' What is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Withholding and rechecking ensures safety; a color change signals a potential error, and verifying the MAR against orders prevents administering the wrong drug. Assuming a change is risky; without confirmation, administering an unverified drug could harm the patient if it's not the intended prescription. Administering then checking later endangers the patient; a wrong drug could cause adverse effects, and delayed verification violates safety protocols. Describing and giving without verification is unsafe; the red tablet may not match the order, risking incorrect treatment or allergic reactions.
Question 5 of 5
When administering medications, a nurse must know a client's medical history and pharmacokinetics of prescribed medications because most drugs are metabolized in the:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lungs excrete volatile drugs like anesthetics; most medications aren't metabolized here, as they lack the cytochrome enzymes needed for broad drug breakdown. The liver is the primary site; cytochrome P450 enzymes metabolize most drugs, converting them into active or excretable forms, critical for pharmacokinetics. Kidneys excrete metabolites; they filter, not metabolize, most drugs, relying on prior liver processing, making them secondary in the metabolic pathway. The colon absorbs some drugs but doesn't metabolize most; its role is minimal compared to the liver's extensive enzymatic drug transformation capacity.