ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Exam I Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
What are the concepts considered to be rights of medication administration? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Right patient ensures identity verification; errors here cause harm via misadministration, as drugs affect individuals differently based on physiology and condition. Right drug prevents wrong medication errors; each drug's pharmacokinetics targets specific issues, and mistakes disrupt therapy or cause adverse reactions. Color isn't a standard right; it's not a reliable identifier, as formulations vary, and clinical safety relies on name, dose, and route, not appearance. Right route ensures correct delivery (e.g., IV vs. oral); wrong routes alter bioavailability and onset, risking toxicity or inefficacy per drug design. Right time ensures therapeutic levels; incorrect timing disrupts pharmacokinetics, reducing efficacy or causing toxicity.
Question 2 of 5
The patient is admitted to the cardiac unit. Everyone admitted to the cardiac unit will have an EKG done unless otherwise ordered. This is an example of which type of order?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: PRN is as needed; EKGs here are routine, not symptom-driven, making this inapplicable to a standard admission protocol for all patients. One-time is a single event; this order applies to all admissions ongoing, not a one-off, distinguishing it from limited-duration directives. STAT is immediate; routine EKGs aren't urgent, occurring as part of standard care, not requiring the priority of acute intervention orders. Standing orders apply automatically to all qualifying patients; this EKG protocol fits, ensuring consistent cardiac assessment unless overridden.
Question 3 of 5
Why does the nurse administer lorazepam intramuscularly (IM) to the patient rather than into the subcutaneous tissue?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Body fat levels influence subcutaneous absorption but are not the primary reason for choosing IM over SC injection in this scenario. Needle size varies by medication and patient factors, but this is not the defining reason for selecting IM over SC injection. IM injections deliver medication directly to muscle tissue with a rich vascular supply, ensuring faster absorption and onset compared to subcutaneous administration. IM injections are not inherently safer for patients at risk of bleeding; they carry similar risks and require proper assessment before administration.
Question 4 of 5
The physician orders Zestril 15 mg po daily for hypertension. The medication is supplied in 5-mg tablets. How many tablets will the nurse administer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: One 5-mg tablet provides only 5 mg, far below the 15 mg ordered; this underdose fails to control hypertension effectively, risking cardiovascular complications like stroke or heart failure. Two tablets yield 10 mg, still short of 15 mg; this insufficient dose wouldn't achieve therapeutic blood pressure reduction, leaving the patient at risk for hypertensive damage. Three 5-mg tablets equal 15 mg, matching the order precisely; this dose effectively inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme, lowering blood pressure to a therapeutic range safely. Four tablets deliver 20 mg, exceeding the order; this overdose could cause hypotension, dizziness, or renal impairment due to excessive ACE inhibition beyond therapeutic needs.
Question 5 of 5
Which assessment finding indicates that the patient is at risk from polypharmacy? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Multiple pharmacies (
A) increase polypharmacy risk due to potential duplication or interactions from lack of centralized oversight. Five hypertension drugs (
B) signal excessive medications for one condition, heightening interaction risks. Daughter’s help (
C) aids compliance, warfarin tests (
D) manage one drug safely, and allergies (E) affect drug choice, not quantity.