ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Exam I Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The patient's respirations dropped from 14 breaths/minute to 8 breaths/minute after receiving a large dose of morphine. Which term accurately describes the patient's reaction to the morphine?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Respiratory depression from high morphine doses signals toxicity; opioids suppress the brainstem's respiratory center, exceeding safe therapeutic levels at this extent. Allergic reactions involve immunity (e.g., rash, anaphylaxis); slowed breathing isn't allergic, but a dose-dependent opioid effect on respiration. Idiosyncratic means unexpected (e.g., paradoxical excitement); respiratory depression is a predictable morphine overdose sign, not an unusual reaction. Therapeutic effects relieve pain; 8 breaths/minute is dangerously low, beyond intended analgesia, indicating a harmful, not beneficial, outcome.
Question 2 of 5
Using the label, what is the trade name of the medication? (No label provided; assuming Zestril from prior context.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lisinopril is the generic name; trade names are branded, and this doesn't fit the question's focus on the manufacturer's marketed title. Zestril is the trade name for lisinopril; it's trademarked by the manufacturer, aligning with the question's request for the branded medication name. Acetaminophen is a generic, not a trade name here; it's unrelated to Zestril's class (ACE inhibitor), making it an incorrect option. Morphine is a generic opioid; it doesn't match Zestril's antihypertensive role or trade name status, ruling it out entirely.
Question 3 of 5
Which patient would be a candidate for animal-assisted therapy?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bone marrow transplant patients are immunocompromised; animals pose infection risks (e.g., zoonotic bacteria), making therapy contraindicated in this sterile setting. C. difficile is contagious; animal-assisted therapy risks cross-contamination via fur or handlers, endangering the patient and facility, ruling out this option. Acute asthma with dyspnea may worsen with animal dander triggering allergies or bronchospasm; therapy could exacerbate respiratory distress, making it unsuitable. Alzheimer's patients benefit from animal therapy; it reduces agitation and boosts mood via oxytocin release, with no acute infection or allergy barriers.
Question 4 of 5
When categorizing medications, drug classifications may be defined by the effects of the drug and:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Classifications like 'analgesics' pair effects (pain relief) with symptoms (pain); this pharmacological basis groups drugs by therapeutic purpose and mechanism. Dosage varies within classes; it's not a defining trait, as classifications focus on action (e.g., beta-blockers), not specific amounts administered.
Tolerance is patient-specific, not a classification criterion; drugs are grouped by effect and symptom relief, not individual response variations. Nursing implications guide administration, not classification; categories stem from pharmacology (e.g., antihypertensives), not care protocols or implications.
Question 5 of 5
The graduate nurse is aware that the count of the unit's narcotics and controlled substances at the change of shifts should involve:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Narcotics are controlled substances requiring strict accountability; two nurses—one ending and one starting the shift—verify counts to ensure accuracy and prevent diversion per regulatory standards. The head nurse and pharmacist may oversee inventory, but shift change counts involve direct caregivers for real-time accuracy, not administrative staff, ensuring immediate responsibility and oversight. Involving all nurses from both shifts is impractical and unnecessary; it dilutes accountability and increases error risk, as only two are needed to confirm the count efficiently. Pharmacy technicians lack authority over unit narcotics, and the charge nurse alone doesn't suffice; two nurses ensure a witnessed, reliable count per hospital policy and law.