ATI LPN
ATI LPN Med Surg Concept 2 Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is providing discharge education about signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. For each sign/symptom, indicate whether it is manifestation of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Select one option in each row.
| Options | Hypoglycemia | Hyperglycemia |
|---|---|---|
| Tremor | ||
| Lethargy | ||
| Seizures | ||
| Polydipsia | ||
| Abdominal pain | ||
| Sweating | ||
| Polyuria |
Correct Answer:
Rationale: Hypoglycemia: Tremor is a common symptom of hypoglycemia, as low blood sugar levels can lead to shaky hands and trembling. Seizures can occur in severe cases of hypoglycemia when the brain is deprived of glucose, leading to abnormal electrical activity and convulsions. Sweating, particularly cold and clammy skin, is a common symptom of hypoglycemia as the body responds to low blood sugar levels. Hunger or sudden feelings of extreme hunger are common symptoms of hypoglycemia as the body seeks additional fuel to raise blood sugar levels. Hyperglycemia: Lethargy, or extreme fatigue and drowsiness, is more commonly associated with hyperglycemia, as elevated blood sugar levels can affect energy levels and lead to feelings of sluggishness. Polydipsia is a classic symptom of hyperglycemia, as high blood sugar levels can cause dehydration and trigger the body's thirst response. Abdominal pain is more commonly associated with hyperglycemia, particularly in conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis (DK
A), where abdominal discomfort can be a sign of metabolic disturbances. Polyuria is a classic symptom of hyperglycemia, as high blood sugar levels can lead to increased urine production as the kidneys work to remove excess glucose from the bloodstream.
Question 2 of 5
What type of cells secrete insulin?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beta cells are the pancreatic cells responsible for secreting insulin.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient admitted with COPD, who is having difficulty breathing. Which actions can the nurse take to provide support? Select all that apply
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: B. Bronchodilators are medications commonly used to relieve bronchospasm and improve airflow in patients with COPD. D. Smoking cessation is essential for patients with COPD as smoking is the leading cause of the disease and can exacerbate respiratory symptoms. E. Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory medications commonly used to reduce airway inflammation and control exacerbations in patients with COPD.
Question 4 of 5
The patient with emphysema comes to the emergency department with difficulty breathing. What finding should the nurse anticipate during data collection? Select all that apply
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: A. Diminished breath sounds due to decreased air movement. C. Use of accessory muscles to assist breathing. E. Barrel-shaped chest from hyperinflation.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is providing care for a patient admitted for a lower respiratory infection. On admission, the patient's vital signs were blood pressure (BP) 140/80 mm Hg. apical pulse (AP) 112 beats/minute, respirations (R) 32 breaths/minute, and pain level of 8 on a scale of 0 to 10. After assisting the patient to bed and applying the prescribed oxygen, which finding helps the nurse evaluate the effectiveness of nursing care?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A decrease in the respiratory rate from 32 breaths/minute to 20 breaths/minute indicates improved respiratory status and effectiveness of nursing care.