ATI LPN
ATI LPN Med Surg Concept 2 Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is preparing to teach about the long-term complications for patients diagnosed with diabetes. Which finding is accurate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes can lead to damage of blood vessels throughout the body, both large and small, contributing to macrovascular and microvascular complications.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is providing discharge education about signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. For each sign/symptom, indicate whether it is manifestation of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Select one option in each row.
| Options | Hypoglycemia | Hyperglycemia |
|---|---|---|
| Tremor | ||
| Lethargy | ||
| Seizures | ||
| Polydipsia | ||
| Abdominal pain | ||
| Sweating | ||
| Polyuria |
Correct Answer:
Rationale: Hypoglycemia: Tremor is a common symptom of hypoglycemia, as low blood sugar levels can lead to shaky hands and trembling. Seizures can occur in severe cases of hypoglycemia when the brain is deprived of glucose, leading to abnormal electrical activity and convulsions. Sweating, particularly cold and clammy skin, is a common symptom of hypoglycemia as the body responds to low blood sugar levels. Hunger or sudden feelings of extreme hunger are common symptoms of hypoglycemia as the body seeks additional fuel to raise blood sugar levels. Hyperglycemia: Lethargy, or extreme fatigue and drowsiness, is more commonly associated with hyperglycemia, as elevated blood sugar levels can affect energy levels and lead to feelings of sluggishness. Polydipsia is a classic symptom of hyperglycemia, as high blood sugar levels can cause dehydration and trigger the body's thirst response. Abdominal pain is more commonly associated with hyperglycemia, particularly in conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis (DK
A), where abdominal discomfort can be a sign of metabolic disturbances. Polyuria is a classic symptom of hyperglycemia, as high blood sugar levels can lead to increased urine production as the kidneys work to remove excess glucose from the bloodstream.
Question 3 of 5
After reinforcing teaching on peptic ulcer disease, the nurse evaluates the patient as understanding the education if the patient states which of the following is a primary cause of peptic ulcer disease?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The primary cause of peptic ulcer disease is infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has a peptic ulcer. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk factor for this condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including ibuprofen, are known to increase the risk of peptic ulcer formation by disrupting the protective mucosal barrier of the stomach and duodenum.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parents of a child who is starting to use a spacer with a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) to treat asthma. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary purpose of the spacer is to increase the amount of medication that reaches the lungs and to reduce the amount deposited in the oropharynx (throat). The spacer helps to ensure that more medication is delivered directly to the airways where it is needed, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of the treatment and reducing side effects.