ATI LPN
ATI LPN Med Surg Concept 2 Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A newly diagnosed patient asks the nurse to explain asthma. Which of the following explanations by the nurse is correct?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways.
Question 2 of 5
A patient is admitted to the hospital with hyperosmolar hyperglycemia. The patient has a BG value of 987 mg/dL. Which is the priority focus while providing care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The priority focus in the acute management of hyperosmolar hyperglycemia is improving hydration status. Patients with HHS are severely dehydrated due to the osmotic diuresis caused by extremely high blood glucose levels.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is providing discharge education about signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. For each sign/symptom, indicate whether it is manifestation of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Select one option in each row.
| Options | Hypoglycemia | Hyperglycemia |
|---|---|---|
| Tremor | ||
| Lethargy | ||
| Seizures | ||
| Polydipsia | ||
| Abdominal pain | ||
| Sweating | ||
| Polyuria |
Correct Answer:
Rationale: Hypoglycemia: Tremor is a common symptom of hypoglycemia, as low blood sugar levels can lead to shaky hands and trembling. Seizures can occur in severe cases of hypoglycemia when the brain is deprived of glucose, leading to abnormal electrical activity and convulsions. Sweating, particularly cold and clammy skin, is a common symptom of hypoglycemia as the body responds to low blood sugar levels. Hunger or sudden feelings of extreme hunger are common symptoms of hypoglycemia as the body seeks additional fuel to raise blood sugar levels. Hyperglycemia: Lethargy, or extreme fatigue and drowsiness, is more commonly associated with hyperglycemia, as elevated blood sugar levels can affect energy levels and lead to feelings of sluggishness. Polydipsia is a classic symptom of hyperglycemia, as high blood sugar levels can cause dehydration and trigger the body's thirst response. Abdominal pain is more commonly associated with hyperglycemia, particularly in conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis (DK
A), where abdominal discomfort can be a sign of metabolic disturbances. Polyuria is a classic symptom of hyperglycemia, as high blood sugar levels can lead to increased urine production as the kidneys work to remove excess glucose from the bloodstream.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching a client who has peptic ulcer disease and is starting therapy with sucralfate. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sucralfate should be taken on an empty stomach, typically 1 hour before meals. This timing allows the medication to coat the ulcer site effectively and protect it from the acidic environment of the stomach.
Question 5 of 5
Which client would the nurse identify as high risk for developing aspiration pneumonia?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patients who have had a stroke are at high risk for aspiration pneumonia due to potential impairment of their swallowing mechanisms and decreased gag reflex.