ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Exam I Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse explains that a drug may have several names. The trade name is the only name that can be:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Retailers use trade or generic names; trade isn't exclusive here, as generics are sold too, making this a shared rather than unique trait. Chemical names define molecular structure (e.g., acetaminophen); trade names (e.g., Tylenol) are brand-specific, not tied to chemistry recognition. Orders use trade or generic names (e.g., Zestril or lisinopril); trade isn't the only option, as generics are equally valid in prescriptions. Trade names are trademarked (e.g., Viagra); this legal protection distinguishes them from generic or chemical names, ensuring brand exclusivity.
Question 2 of 5
When administering medications, a nurse must know a client's medical history and pharmacokinetics of prescribed medications because most drugs are metabolized in the:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lungs excrete volatile drugs like anesthetics; most medications aren't metabolized here, as they lack the cytochrome enzymes needed for broad drug breakdown. The liver is the primary site; cytochrome P450 enzymes metabolize most drugs, converting them into active or excretable forms, critical for pharmacokinetics. Kidneys excrete metabolites; they filter, not metabolize, most drugs, relying on prior liver processing, making them secondary in the metabolic pathway. The colon absorbs some drugs but doesn't metabolize most; its role is minimal compared to the liver's extensive enzymatic drug transformation capacity.
Question 3 of 5
Which of these is the correct way for a nurse to document medication administration?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Recording at shift's end risks memory errors or omissions; delayed documentation compromises accuracy and legal accountability for controlled substances and patient care. Pharmacy technicians don't administer drugs; nurses document their own actions, ensuring responsibility and precision in the medication administration record. Immediate recording post-administration ensures accuracy, timeliness, and compliance with standards; it reflects real-time events, reducing errors in patient care documentation. Recording others' actions is inaccurate and unethical; nurses must document only their administrations, maintaining individual accountability and patient safety.
Question 4 of 5
The physician orders Ceclor 175 mg po for an ear infection. After reconstitution, the medication is available as 125 mg/5 mL. How many milliliters will the nurse administer?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: 5 mL gives 125 mg
Question 5 of 5
After receiving Nembutal PO at bedtime, a client is wide awake all night instead of going to sleep. What kind of adverse reaction to a drug does this situation represent?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Toxic effects involve overdose symptoms like coma; staying awake isn’t toxicity, as Nembutal’s sedative intent is reversed, not exaggerated, in this reaction.
Drug allergy causes immune responses (e.g., rash); insomnia isn’t allergic, but a paradoxical effect, differing from hypersensitivity reactions entirely.
Idiosyncrasy is an unexpected reaction; Nembutal, a barbiturate, should sedate, but wakefulness is an abnormal, individual response, fitting this category precisely.
Tolerance reduces efficacy over time; this acute, opposite reaction to a sedative isn’t tolerance, but an immediate, unpredictable drug response.