ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Exam I Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
How will the nurse administer a nitroglycerin sublingual tablet to the patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Positioning the tablet next to the cheek alters absorption and delays onset. Sublingual placement ensures rapid effect. Swallowing bypasses sublingual absorption, reducing efficacy. The route is critical for desired therapeutic outcomes. Crushing and dissolving disrupts integrity, compromising rapid sublingual absorption. Proper administration maintains efficacy. Sublingual placement allows rapid dissolution and absorption via mucous membranes, ensuring swift therapeutic action.
Question 2 of 5
In addition to the dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal muscles, which of these sites can safely be used for intramuscular injections?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Deltoid and vastus lateralis are large muscles with good vascularity; they safely absorb IM injections, minimizing nerve damage or tissue irritation risks. Chest and abdomen lack sufficient muscle mass for IM; these are subcutaneous or IV sites, risking poor absorption or injury if used intramuscularly. Forearm and scapula are too thin or bony; IM injections here risk nerve or bone damage, lacking the muscle bulk needed for safe drug delivery. Lower leg (e.g., calf) has small muscles and major vessels; IM use risks vascular injury or slow absorption, making it an unsafe injection site.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse notes that the patient is scratching and has hives 2 hours after receiving a dose of antibiotic medication. The patient soon starts having difficulty breathing and his blood pressure drops. What is the correct analysis of the patient's condition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Moderate reactions don't cause breathing difficulty or hypotension. Severe symptoms indicate anaphylaxis, requiring emergency intervention. Symptoms align with anaphylaxis, not food poisoning. Assuming an unrelated cause delays life-saving treatment. Mild reactions lack systemic effects like hypotension and breathing difficulties. Antihistamines alone are insufficient for anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis involves systemic reactions such as hypotension, airway constriction, and skin symptoms. Immediate interventions prevent progression and save lives.
Question 4 of 5
Using the label, what is the trade name of the medication? (No label provided; assuming Zestril from prior context.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lisinopril is the generic name; trade names are branded, and this doesn't fit the question's focus on the manufacturer's marketed title. Zestril is the trade name for lisinopril; it's trademarked by the manufacturer, aligning with the question's request for the branded medication name. Acetaminophen is a generic, not a trade name here; it's unrelated to Zestril's class (ACE inhibitor), making it an incorrect option. Morphine is a generic opioid; it doesn't match Zestril's antihypertensive role or trade name status, ruling it out entirely.
Question 5 of 5
The physician orders Zestril 15 mg po daily for hypertension. The medication is supplied in 5-mg tablets. How many tablets will the nurse administer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: One 5-mg tablet provides only 5 mg, far below the 15 mg ordered; this underdose fails to control hypertension effectively, risking cardiovascular complications like stroke or heart failure. Two tablets yield 10 mg, still short of 15 mg; this insufficient dose wouldn't achieve therapeutic blood pressure reduction, leaving the patient at risk for hypertensive damage. Three 5-mg tablets equal 15 mg, matching the order precisely; this dose effectively inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme, lowering blood pressure to a therapeutic range safely. Four tablets deliver 20 mg, exceeding the order; this overdose could cause hypotension, dizziness, or renal impairment due to excessive ACE inhibition beyond therapeutic needs.