ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Quiz Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Acquired resistance is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acquired resistance occurs when microbes develop mechanisms to evade antibiotics after exposure, rendering drugs ineffective. The other options describe antibiotics, pathogenicity, or virulence, not resistance.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is important for the nurse to assess and monitor in a patient prescribed metformin (Glucophage)? (Select All that Apply.)
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Metformin is excreted by kidneys, so renal/hepatic disease increases lactic acidosis risk. Contrast dye procedures require temporary discontinuation to prevent toxicity. Heart failure contraindicates metformin due to lactic acidosis risk. Fluid retention and weight gain are less directly related.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is admitting a patient to the acute care floor. While obtaining the history, the client tells the nurse she is allergic to penicillin. Which of the following medications, if ordered by the physician, would be safe for this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, has a different chemical structure from penicillins, making it safe for penicillin-allergic patients. Piperacillin-tazobactam and ampicillin sulbactam are penicillin derivatives, contraindicated due to allergy risk. Cefazolin, a cephalosporin, carries a potential for cross-reactivity, especially with severe penicillin allergies, and should be used cautiously or avoided.
Question 4 of 5
Drug therapy of tuberculosis differs from that of most other infections because:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mycobacteria have a complex, impermeable cell wall, necessitating prolonged treatment with specialized drugs. TB therapy is longer than most infections, patients often have symptoms, and drugs treat both active and latent disease.
Question 5 of 5
Your patient is allergic to penicillin. He may also have a cross-allergy to which class of antibiotics?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cephalosporins are structurally and chemically related to penicillins, sharing a beta-lactam ring that can cause cross-allergy in some patients. The risk varies by cephalosporin generation and patient sensitivity, but caution is warranted. Aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and macrolides have different structures and no significant cross-allergy with penicillins, making them safer alternatives for penicillin-allergic patients.