ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Quiz Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Mr. Carter has been recently started on an antibiotic, and has developed a rash and pruritis. You suspect an allergic reaction and immediately assess him for other more serious symptoms. What question would be most important to ask Mr. Carter?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Are you having any difficulty breathing? This question is crucial because difficulty breathing could indicate a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening. Symptoms like rash and pruritus are common signs of an allergic reaction to antibiotics, but difficulty breathing is a red flag for a more serious reaction that requires immediate medical intervention. Asking about blood in stool (
A), hearing difficulty (
B), or headache (
C) may not be as urgent in this context as they are not indicative of a potentially life-threatening situation like difficulty breathing.
Therefore, assessing Mr. Carter for breathing difficulties is the most important question to ask to determine the severity of his allergic reaction and provide appropriate care.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following common habit of patients may cause microbes to repopulate and re-establish an infection?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The patient stops taking the drug when he or she begins to feel better. This behavior can lead to incomplete eradication of the infection, allowing remaining microbes to repopulate and re-establish the infection. When a patient stops taking the drug prematurely, it can result in the survival of drug-resistant microbes, leading to treatment failure. Other choices are incorrect because:
A) Using OTC drugs prophylactically may prevent infections, not cause them to re-establish.
C) Switching to multiple drug therapy can be effective in treating certain infections and prevent resistance.
D) Increasing the drug dosage when the therapeutic effect slows down may be necessary for some conditions and not necessarily lead to repopulation of microbes.
Question 3 of 5
Children younger than 9 years should not be given tetracyclines because:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Children's teeth may become discoloured. Tetracyclines can bind to calcium in developing teeth, causing permanent discoloration in children younger than 9 years. This is due to the deposition of the drug within the dentin and enamel of the teeth during their development. This effect is particularly pronounced during the second half of pregnancy and in children up to 8 years of age.
Choice A is incorrect because tetracyclines primarily affect teeth, not cartilage development.
Choice B is incorrect as dehydration is not a direct side effect of tetracyclines.
Choice C is incorrect as photosensitivity is more commonly associated with other antibiotics like fluoroquinolones.
Question 4 of 5
Why must the nurse instruct a patient receiving metformin (Glucophage XL) to avoid crushing or chewing the medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: The effect of the medication may be changed. Metformin is an extended-release medication designed to release slowly in the body. Crushing or chewing it would disrupt this mechanism, leading to a rapid release of the drug and potentially altering its effectiveness.
Therefore, the nurse must instruct the patient to swallow the medication whole to ensure proper absorption and therapeutic effect.
Choice A is incorrect because choking is not the primary reason for avoiding crushing or chewing metformin.
Choice B is incorrect as crushing or chewing would not cause blood glucose levels to rise rapidly.
Choice C is incorrect as oral mucosal irritation is not the main concern with metformin.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse needs to monitor a client's blood sugar after administration of insulin regular (Humulin R). When does the nurse expect to assess the client's blood sugar based on the peak action of the medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: In 2 to 4 hours. Insulin regular has a peak action time of about 2 to 4 hours after administration. This is when the medication reaches its maximum effectiveness in lowering blood sugar levels. Monitoring the client's blood sugar during this time frame allows the nurse to assess the peak effect of the insulin and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not align with the peak action time of insulin regular. Option A is too soon for peak action, option B is within the duration of onset to peak action, and option C is past the peak action time. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor the blood sugar at the correct time to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the medication.