ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pediatrics II Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse working at a clinic speaks on the telephone with a parent of a 2-month-old infant. The parent tells the nurse that the infant has projectile vomiting followed by hunger after meals. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Give your infant an oral rehydration solution.' While rehydration is important, projectile vomiting could indicate a more serious underlying issue that needs medical evaluation. 'You might want to try switching to a different formula.' Formula intolerance is less likely to cause projectile vomiting. A change in formula should not be suggested without ruling out more serious conditions first. 'Bring your infant into the clinic today to be seen.' Projectile vomiting in an infant, especially when followed by hunger, can indicate pyloric stenosis, a condition that requires prompt medical evaluation. The infant should be seen by a healthcare provider to determine the cause and initiate appropriate treatment. 'Burp your child more frequently during feedings.' Burping can help with regular gas and minor feeding issues, but it is unlikely to resolve projectile vomiting.
Question 2 of 5
An adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus will become a member of the school's football cheerleader team. The adolescent excitedly reports to the school nurse to obtain information regarding adjustments needed in the treatment plan for the diabetes. The school nurse would explain to the adolescent to take which action?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Take the prescribed insulin 30 minutes before practice or game time rather than in the morning. Insulin timing should generally be consistent with meal times to match insulin action with food intake. Adjusting timing without medical advice can lead to imbalanced blood sugar levels. Eat half the amount of food normally eaten at lunchtime. Eating less food than usual can lead to hypoglycemia during prolonged physical activity and is not recommended. Eat six graham crackers or drink a cup of orange juice before practice or game time. This action helps to prevent hypoglycemia during physical activity by providing quick-acting carbohydrates that can be readily absorbed and utilized by the body. Take two times the amount of prescribed insulin on practice and game days. Doubling insulin doses without medical supervision can lead to hypoglycemia and is not appropriate for managing blood sugar during physical activity.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is prescribed ferrous sulfate. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: I expect the color of my urine to be amber.' Ferrous sulfate does not typically affect the color of urine. This statement indicates a misunderstanding of the medication's effects. 'I will expect dark, tarry stools.' Ferrous sulfate can cause stools to become dark or black, which is a common and expected side effect due to the iron content. This indicates the client understands a normal side effect of the medication. 'I will not get as many infections.' Ferrous sulfate is used to treat iron deficiency anemia and does not directly influence the incidence of infections. This indicates a lack of understanding of the medication's purpose. 'I will take extra care to protect against increased bruising.' Increased bruising is not associated with ferrous sulfate. This indicates a misunderstanding of the medication's side effects.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is teaching the parents of a child who has diabetes mellitus about the manifestations of hypoglycemia. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dry mucous membranes. Associated with dehydration, not hypoglycemia. Diaphoresis. Sweating (diaphoresis) is a common symptom of hypoglycemia due to the body's response to low blood glucose levels. Polyuria. Associated with hyperglycemia, where there is an excess of glucose leading to increased urine output. Fruity breath odor. Indicates ketosis, which is a sign of hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis, not hypoglycemia.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the guardian of an infant who has seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When patches are present, it indicates that your infant has a systemic infection.' Seborrheic dermatitis is a benign, non-infectious condition and does not indicate systemic infection. 'You can use petrolatum to help soften and remove patches from your infant's scalp.' Petrolatum can help soften and loosen scales in seborrheic dermatitis, making them easier to remove gently. This can help manage the condition effectively. 'You should avoid washing your infant's hair while patches are present on the scalp.' Gentle washing with a mild shampoo can help manage seborrheic dermatitis. Avoiding washing altogether is not necessary unless advised by a healthcare provider. 'When patches are present, you should keep your infant away from others.' Seborrheic dermatitis is not contagious, so there is no need to keep the infant away from others.