ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pediatrics II Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching the parents of a child who has diabetes mellitus about the manifestations of hypoglycemia. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dry mucous membranes. Associated with dehydration, not hypoglycemia. Diaphoresis. Sweating (diaphoresis) is a common symptom of hypoglycemia due to the body's response to low blood glucose levels. Polyuria. Associated with hyperglycemia, where there is an excess of glucose leading to increased urine output. Fruity breath odor. Indicates ketosis, which is a sign of hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis, not hypoglycemia.
Question 2 of 5
A 6-year-old child with daytime enuresis complains of dysuria and urgency. What does the nurse recognize these signs and symptoms indicate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Urinary tract infection: Dysuria (painful urination) and urgency are common symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. Nephrotic syndrome: Nephrotic syndrome typically presents with proteinuria, edema, and hypoalbuminemia, not dysuria and urgency. Acute glomerulonephritis: Acute glomerulonephritis may present with hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, and edema, but not typically with dysuria and urgency. Vesicoureteral reflux: Vesicoureteral reflux may present with recurrent UTIs but is not typically associated with dysuria and urgency as primary symptoms.
Question 3 of 5
What is an appropriate intervention for the edematous child with reduced mobility related to nephrotic syndrome?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Keep edematous areas moist and covered. Keeping edematous areas moist and covered can worsen edema by trapping moisture and heat, leading to increased swelling. Reach the child to minimize body movement. Minimizing body movement is not appropriate as it can lead to muscle weakness and stiffness. Encouraging gentle movement and position changes is beneficial. Change the child's position frequently. Changing the child's position frequently helps prevent complications such as pressure ulcers and improves circulation, which can aid in reducing edema. Keep the head of the child's bed flat. Elevating the head of the bed can help reduce edema by promoting venous return and reducing fluid accumulation in dependent areas.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is collecting data on a child recently diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. Which question to the parent would elicit information about the cause of this disease?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Has your child had any diarrhea?' Diarrhea is not typically associated with glomerulonephritis. 'Have you noticed any rashes on your child?' Rashes are not typically associated with glomerulonephritis. 'Did your child sustain any injuries to the kidney area?' Direct kidney trauma is not a common cause of glomerulonephritis in children. 'Did your child recently complain of a sore throat?' Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (a common cause of acute glomerulonephritis in children) often follows a streptococcal throat or skin infection. Asking about a recent sore throat can provide important information about a possible streptococcal infection.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assisting with admitting an infant who has diaper dermatitis. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? (Select All that Apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: A. Change diapers frequently. Frequent diaper changes reduce prolonged contact with moisture, decreasing the risk of dermatitis. B. Allow the buttocks to air-dry. Air-drying helps to keep the skin dry and allows it to heal, preventing further irritation. C. Use commercial baby wipes that are free of alcohol and fragrances to cleanse the area. Alcohol and fragrance-free wipes minimize further irritation to the sensitive skin. D. Apply zinc oxide ointment to the affected area. Zinc oxide creates a protective barrier that helps heal and protect the skin from moisture and irritants. E. Apply talcum powder with every diaper change. Talcum powder is not recommended as it can be inhaled by the infant and may cause respiratory issues.