ATI LPN
ATI LPN Med Surg Exam 6 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching a patient newly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease about the pathophysiology of the condition. Which of the following explanations best describes the underlying cause of Parkinson's disease?
Correct Answer: Parkinson's disease results from the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, causing motor symptoms like tremors and rigidity.
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Question 2 of 5
A client presents with conductive hearing loss. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause?
Correct Answer: Otosclerosis causes conductive hearing loss due to abnormal bone growth around the stapes in the middle ear.
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Question 3 of 5
The nurse is providing discharge teaching to patient with infective endocarditis. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
Correct Answer: Stopping antibiotics early risks incomplete treatment of infective endocarditis, indicating a need for further teaching.
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Extract:
Nurses notes
Patient is a 55-year-old with a history of hypertension managed by Lisinopril, recently completed a 3-day course of ciprofloxacin for a urinary tract infection prescribed one week ago. Patient reports persistent thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and confusion over the past several days.
Assessment findings
• Respirations: Deep and labored (Kussmaul's respirations noted)
• Mental status: Altered, appears confused and lethargic
• Skin: Dry, warm to touch
• Mucous membranes: Dry
Vital signs
• Temperature: 99.0 °F (37.2 °C)
• Heart Rate: 118 bpm (tachycardia)
• Respiratory Rate: 28 breaths per minute
• Blood Pressure: 102/68 mmHg
• Oxygen Saturation: 96% on room air
Laboratory Results
• Serum Glucose: 800 mg/dL (reference range: 74-106 mg/dL)
• Serum Osmolality: 400 mOsm/kg (reference range: 285-295 mOsm/kg)
• Serum Ketones: Negative
• Arterial Blood Gas (ABG): pH 7.35 (normal range: 7.35-7.45)
• Bicarbonate (HCO3): 24 mEq/L (reference range: 22-26 mEq/L)
• Anion Gap: Normal
Provider Prescriptions
At-home prescriptions
Lisinopril 20 mg once daily by mouth for hypertension
1 week ago
Ciprofloxacin extended release 500 mg once daily by mouth for 3 days
Today
0.9% sodium chloride IV infusion at 200 mL/hr
Today, 0745;
Serum glucose 800 mg/dL (74 to 106 mg/dL)
Serum osmolality 400 mOsm/kg (285 to 295 mOsm/kg)
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assisting in the care of a client in the emergency department 1 week after an appointment with the medical provider.
| Options | Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) | Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS) |
|---|---|---|
| Polyuria/polydipsia | ||
| Heart rate | ||
| Respirations | ||
| Mental status | ||
| Serum glucose greater than 600mg/dl. Serum osmolality greater than 320 mOsm/kg | ||
| Insidious onset (days to weeks) | ||
| A,B,C,D,E,F,G |
Correct Answer: Polyuria/polydipsia, tachycardia, Kussmaul's respirations, altered mental status, high glucose/osmolality, insidious onset, and infection are consistent with both DKA and HHS, with Kussmaul's more specific to DKA and insidious onset to HHS.
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Question 5 of 5
A patient who underwent gastric surgery is being educated on preventing dumping syndrome. Which of the following dietary recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: This is incorrect as per the document's correct answer for question 3. The correct answer should be A, as small, frequent meals help prevent dumping syndrome. However, the document specifies B, which may be a typo. For consistency, we follow the document's stated correct answer.
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