ATI LPN
ATI LPN Med Surg Exam 6 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has Cushing's syndrome. Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe?
Correct Answer: Buffalo hump, purple striations, and moon face are classic signs of Cushing's syndrome due to fat redistribution and skin changes.
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Extract:
Nurses notes
Patient is a 55-year-old with a history of hypertension managed by Lisinopril, recently completed a 3-day course of ciprofloxacin for a urinary tract infection prescribed one week ago. Patient reports persistent thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and confusion over the past several days.
Assessment findings
• Respirations: Deep and labored (Kussmaul's respirations noted)
• Mental status: Altered, appears confused and lethargic
• Skin: Dry, warm to touch
• Mucous membranes: Dry
Vital signs
• Temperature: 99.0 °F (37.2 °C)
• Heart Rate: 118 bpm (tachycardia)
• Respiratory Rate: 28 breaths per minute
• Blood Pressure: 102/68 mmHg
• Oxygen Saturation: 96% on room air
Laboratory Results
• Serum Glucose: 800 mg/dL (reference range: 74-106 mg/dL)
• Serum Osmolality: 400 mOsm/kg (reference range: 285-295 mOsm/kg)
• Serum Ketones: Negative
• Arterial Blood Gas (ABG): pH 7.35 (normal range: 7.35-7.45)
• Bicarbonate (HCO3): 24 mEq/L (reference range: 22-26 mEq/L)
• Anion Gap: Normal
Provider Prescriptions
At-home prescriptions
Lisinopril 20 mg once daily by mouth for hypertension
1 week ago
Ciprofloxacin extended release 500 mg once daily by mouth for 3 days
Today
0.9% sodium chloride IV infusion at 200 mL/hr
Today, 0745;
Serum glucose 800 mg/dL (74 to 106 mg/dL)
Serum osmolality 400 mOsm/kg (285 to 295 mOsm/kg)
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assisting in the care of a client in the emergency department 1 week after an appointment with the medical provider.
| Options | Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) | Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS) |
|---|---|---|
| Polyuria/polydipsia | ||
| Heart rate | ||
| Respirations | ||
| Mental status | ||
| Serum glucose greater than 600mg/dl. Serum osmolality greater than 320 mOsm/kg | ||
| Insidious onset (days to weeks) | ||
| A,B,C,D,E,F,G |
Correct Answer: Polyuria/polydipsia, tachycardia, Kussmaul's respirations, altered mental status, high glucose/osmolality, insidious onset, and infection are consistent with both DKA and HHS, with Kussmaul's more specific to DKA and insidious onset to HHS.
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Question 3 of 5
A 45-year-old male patient present to the emergency department with a severe head injury following a car accident. His Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is 8, and he shows signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which of the following interventions should be prioritized to manage his ICP?
Correct Answer: Mannitol reduces intracranial pressure by drawing fluid out of brain tissue, making it a priority intervention for managing increased ICP.
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Question 4 of 5
A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a patient with ulcerative colitis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A low-fiber diet reduces bowel irritation during ulcerative colitis flare-ups.
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Question 5 of 5
A patient with active gastrointestinal bleeding is being monitored for complications. Which of the following signs indicates the patient is developing hypovolemic shock?
Correct Answer: Increased heart rate is an early sign of hypovolemic shock as the body compensates for reduced blood volume.
Rationale: