ATI LPN
PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer medication to a client who has a new prescription. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Identifying the client using two means of identification is the first step to ensure the right patient receives the right medication. This process involves checking the client's name, date of birth, and/or unique identifier against the prescription and their identification band. Documenting the time of administration (
B) is important but should come after verifying the patient's identity. Validating the prescription (
C) and calculating the correct amount (
D) are essential steps but should follow patient identification to prevent errors.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who had abdominal surgery. The client is grimacing and has a respiratory rate of 24/min. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, checking the client's current level of pain. This is the priority because the client is grimacing, indicating discomfort. Assessing the pain level is crucial in determining the appropriate intervention. It helps in providing timely pain relief and ensuring the client's well-being.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not address the immediate need of assessing and managing the client's pain. Playing music, repositioning the client, or offering a cold compress may be helpful interventions, but they should come after evaluating the client's pain level.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assisting in the care of a client who is to receive a transfusion of packed RBCs. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because 0.9% sodium chloride solution is the appropriate IV solution to use when administering packed RBCs to prevent hemolysis. The sodium chloride solution is isotonic, which helps maintain the integrity of the RBCs during transfusion. Other choices are incorrect because: A: There is no specific time limit within which packed RBCs must be transfused. C: Using filterless IV tubing can increase the risk of air embolism and contamination. D: Remaining at the client's bedside for only 5 minutes is inadequate for monitoring potential adverse reactions during the transfusion.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 75 mg/kg/day divided equally every 8 hr to a child who weighs 20 kg. Available is amoxicillin oral suspension 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 10 mL
Rationale:
To calculate the dose, first, determine the total daily dose: 75 mg/kg/day x 20 kg = 1500 mg/day.
Then, divide this by the number of doses per day (3) to get 500 mg per dose. Next, convert this to mL using the concentration of the oral suspension (250 mg/5 mL). 500 mg ÷ 250 mg/5 mL = 10 mL.
Therefore, the correct answer is 10 mL.
Choice A is incorrect as it doesn't follow the correct calculation steps.
Choices B-G are incorrect as they do not accurately calculate the correct dose based on the child's weight and the concentration of the oral suspension.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse in a clinic is caring for a client who was admitted for diazepam toxicity. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Flumazenil. Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepine toxicity, such as diazepam. Administering Flumazenil in this case can help reverse the sedative and respiratory depressive effects of diazepam.
Incorrect choices:
A: Vitamin K is used for blood clotting disorders, not for benzodiazepine toxicity.
B: Calcium gluconate is used for treating calcium deficiencies, not for benzodiazepine toxicity.
C: Protamine sulfate is used to reverse the effects of heparin, not benzodiazepines.
In summary, Flumazenil is the appropriate choice to counter diazepam toxicity by antagonizing its effects on benzodiazepine receptors, while the other options are unrelated to managing benzodiazepine toxicity.