ATI LPN
PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who is to start using a scopolamine patch for postoperative nausea and vomiting. Which of the following findings is a contraindication for the client to receive the medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Narrow-angle glaucoma. Scopolamine can worsen narrow-angle glaucoma by causing pupil dilation, leading to increased intraocular pressure. This can result in acute glaucoma crisis, potentially causing irreversible vision damage. Ménière's disease (
A) is not a contraindication. Increased lacrimation (
B) and urinary frequency (
D) are common side effects of scopolamine but not contraindications. In this scenario, the focus is on identifying a condition that could be exacerbated by scopolamine, making narrow-angle glaucoma the correct choice.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about age-related changes that affect medication administration for older adult clients. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because renal excretion time slows for medication in older adults due to decreased kidney function. As people age, their kidneys may not work as efficiently as before, leading to a slower excretion of medications. This can result in medications staying in the body longer and potentially causing adverse effects.
A: Incorrect - Hepatic enzymes actually process medications more slowly in older adults, not more rapidly.
B: Incorrect - Gastric emptying rate usually decreases, not increases, in older adults, affecting medication absorption.
C: Incorrect - Brain receptors may become more sensitive, not less, to medications in older adults due to changes in neurotransmitter levels.
Extract:
Vital Signs Day 1: Temperature 37.5° C (99.5° F), Heart rate 98/min, Respiratory rate 20/min, Blood pressure 180/86 mm Hg, Oxygen saturation 95% on room air, Weight 90 kg (198 lb); 2 months later: Temperature 37.5° C (99.5° F), Heart rate 48/min, Respiratory rate 20/min, Blood pressure 140/76 mm Hg, Oxygen saturation 97% on room air, Weight 91 kg (200 lb)
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is evaluating the client's response to the medication. The client's ___________ and ____________ indicate the client's condition is improving.
Correct Answer: B, E
Rationale: The correct answers are B (Heart rate) and E (Blood pressure) because they are vital signs that directly reflect the body's response to medication. An improving condition would typically show a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure due to the medication's effectiveness in stabilizing the body's functions. HDL level, potassium level, and weight are not direct indicators of the client's immediate response to medication and may change for various reasons unrelated to medication effectiveness.
Extract:
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer an IM injection to a client who has gonorrhea. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Correct Answer: C - Use the Z-track technique to administer the medication.
Rationale: The Z-track technique should be used when administering IM injections to clients with infectious diseases like gonorrhea to prevent medication leakage into subcutaneous tissue. This technique involves pulling the skin to one side before injecting the medication, which helps to seal the medication in the muscle and reduces the risk of irritation or staining at the injection site. It ensures accurate administration and minimizes the risk of tissue damage or contamination.
Incorrect
Choices:
A: Inject the medication at least 5 cm (2 in) from the umbilicus - This is a general guideline for IM injections but does not specifically address the need for the Z-track technique in clients with gonorrhea.
B: Administer the medication with a 27-gauge /0.5-inch needle - Needle gauge and length are important considerations but not as crucial as using the Z-track technique in this case.
D: Give the medication without aspirating prior to injection
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for penicillin G. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse plan to monitor?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urticaria. Penicillin G is known to cause allergic reactions, including urticaria (hives). The nurse should monitor for this adverse effect because it can progress to a more severe allergic reaction such as anaphylaxis. Insomnia (
A), constipation (
C), and nocturia (
D) are not common adverse effects of penicillin G. Monitoring for urticaria is crucial to prevent serious allergic reactions.