ATI LPN
PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer 1 L of IV fluid over 6 hr. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 167 mL/hr
Rationale:
To calculate mL/hr for IV fluid administration, divide the total volume (1 L = 1000 mL) by the total time in hours (6 hr).
Therefore, 1000 mL / 6 hr = 166.67 mL/hr, rounded to 167 mL/hr. This rate ensures the patient receives the correct volume over the specified time. Other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the correct calculation method or may not deliver the required volume within the specified time frame.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is talking with a client who has been taking levothyroxine to treat hypothyroidism. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid taking which of the following over-the-counter medications within 4 hr of taking levothyroxine?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Calcium supplements. Calcium can interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine, reducing its effectiveness. It is recommended to avoid taking calcium supplements within 4 hours of levothyroxine to ensure proper absorption. Fish oil supplements (
A), bulk-forming laxatives (
B), and oral antihistamines (
C) do not typically interfere with levothyroxine absorption, so they are safe to take without waiting 4 hours.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who started taking amitriptyline 6 days ago. The client reports that the medication is not helping. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct response is C: "You will need to wait a couple of weeks to feel the therapeutic effect of the medication." Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, often takes 2-4 weeks to reach its full therapeutic effect. This is due to the time required for the medication to build up in the body and for the brain chemistry to adjust. It is crucial for the nurse to educate the client about this delayed onset of action to manage their expectations and prevent premature discontinuation.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not address the pharmacokinetics or expected timeline for amitriptyline to take effect. Informing the provider for a different medication, taking on an empty stomach, or increasing the dose may not be necessary or safe without giving the current medication adequate time to work. The nurse should prioritize patient education on the medication's expected timeline rather than making immediate changes.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has been taking diazepam several times per day but recently ran out of the medication. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a manifestation of withdrawal from diazepam?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tremors. Diazepam is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety and withdrawal symptoms include tremors due to the sudden decrease in GABA activity. Hypotension (
A) is not a typical withdrawal symptom of diazepam. Anorexia (
B) is more commonly associated with stimulant withdrawal. Drowsiness (
D) is a side effect of diazepam, not a withdrawal symptom.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has prescriptions for spironolactone and lisinopril. The nurse should monitor for which of the following adverse effects?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyperkalemia. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, which can lead to elevated potassium levels (hyperkalemia). Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that may also contribute to increased potassium levels. Monitoring for hyperkalemia is essential due to the risk of serious cardiac arrhythmias. Hypoglycemia (choice
B) and hyperglycemia (choice
D) are not typically associated with these medications. Hypokalemia (choice
C) is the opposite of what is expected with spironolactone.