ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pediatrics II Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a child who has sickle-cell disease and is experiencing a vaso-occlusive crisis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Constipation: Vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle-cell disease is characterized by severe pain due to ischemia from blocked blood flow, rather than gastrointestinal symptoms like constipation. Vomiting: Vomiting is not typically associated with vaso-occlusive crisis but may occur due to pain or other causes. Pain: Pain is the hallmark symptom of vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle-cell disease, caused by ischemia and tissue damage. Bradycardia: Bradycardia is not a typical finding in vaso-occlusive crisis; instead, tachycardia might be present due to pain or stress.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from an infant. Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of pyloric stenosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Projectile vomiting after feedings: Projectile vomiting after feedings, especially occurring a short time after feeding, is a classic sign of pyloric stenosis due to obstruction at the pylorus. Absent bowel sounds: Absent bowel sounds may occur in more advanced cases of bowel obstruction but are not specific to pyloric stenosis. Increased sodium level: Increased sodium level is not typically associated with pyloric stenosis. Golf ball-size mass over the left quadrant: A palpable mass in the left quadrant is not a typical finding in pyloric stenosis.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a child who is suspected to have Enterobius vermicularis (pinworms). Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Test the stool for occult blood: Testing for occult blood in the stool is not relevant for diagnosing pinworms. Perform a tape test: The tape test involves applying transparent tape to the perianal area to collect pinworm eggs, which is the appropriate diagnostic method for Enterobius vermicularis. Initiate IV fluids: IV fluids are not indicated for the diagnosis or treatment of pinworms unless the child is severely dehydrated, which isn't suggested by the scenario. Collect stool specimens for culture: Stool culture is not used to diagnose pinworms; the tape test is more appropriate.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assisting with the admission of a 2-year-old toddler who has acute gastroenteritis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Initiate isotonic fluids with 20 mEq/L potassium chloride. The priority in treating acute gastroenteritis in a toddler is to manage dehydration, which is often severe due to fluid loss from vomiting and diarrhea. Isotonic fluids with electrolytes like potassium chloride help to restore fluid balance and prevent complications like electrolyte imbalances. This is the most urgent action to stabilize the child's condition. Request evaluation of the toddler's serum electrolytes. While important, this can be done after fluid resuscitation has begun to assess the severity of electrolyte imbalances. Determine if the toddler is voiding. Important for assessing renal function, but not the first priority in acute gastroenteritis. Collect a stool sample from the toddler. Useful for identifying the causative organism but not as urgent as fluid resuscitation.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has acute glomerulonephritis. The child has peripheral edema and is producing 35 mL of urine per hour. Which of the following diets should the nurse anticipate the provider will prescribe?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Regular diet, no added salt: A regular diet with no added salt does not adequately address the sodium restriction needed to manage edema in acute glomerulonephritis. Low-carbohydrate, low-protein diet: Restricting carbohydrates and proteins is not typically necessary in acute glomerulonephritis unless there are specific complications. Low-protein, low-potassium diet: While protein restriction may be necessary in chronic kidney disease, it is not typically the primary focus in managing acute glomerulonephritis. Low-sodium, fluid-restricted: A low-sodium diet helps to reduce fluid retention and manage edema in acute glomerulonephritis. Fluid restriction may also be necessary to manage fluid balance.