Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Urinary tract infection: Dysuria (painful urination) and urgency are common symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. Nephrotic syndrome: Nephrotic syndrome typically presents with proteinuria, edema, and hypoalbuminemia, not dysuria and urgency. Acute glomerulonephritis: Acute glomerulonephritis may present with hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, and edema, but not typically with dysuria and urgency. Vesicoureteral reflux: Vesicoureteral reflux may present with recurrent UTIs but is not typically associated with dysuria and urgency as primary symptoms.

Correct Answer: C,E

Rationale: The nurse should first address the child's temperature followed by the child's laboratory values. Temperature: The child has a fever of 38.9°C (102°F), which is above the normal range for toddlers (36.5°C to 37.5°C or 97.7°F to 99.5°F). A high fever can indicate an ongoing infection or inflammatory process and can lead to serious complications, especially in a toddler. Addressing the fever promptly is crucial to prevent potential febrile seizures, dehydration, and other heat-related complications. Fever management is essential to improving the child's comfort and preventing the worsening of symptoms. Laboratory values: The child's laboratory results show abnormalities that are significant. Hemoglobin is low at 7.6 g/dL (indicating anemia), hematocrit is also low at 21%, and platelets are decreased at 110,000/mm³, which could suggest a hematologic disorder such as leukemia or a severe infection. The elevated white blood cell count further supports the presence of an infection or an inflammatory response. These lab abnormalities are critical and need to be addressed to determine the underlying cause and to plan further treatment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Wash bed linens in cold water. Washing bed linens in cold water is ineffective for killing pinworm eggs. Hot water should be used to properly sanitize linens and kill the eggs. Clean the bathroom with bleach solution. While cleaning the bathroom with bleach can help reduce contamination, it is not a primary or effective measure for preventing pinworm spread and reinfection in a household setting. Keep children's nails short. Keeping nails short reduces the likelihood of the child scratching the perianal area, where pinworm eggs are deposited, and then ingesting the eggs through hand-to-mouth contact. This helps prevent the spread and reinfection of pinworms. Dress child in loose-fitting underwear. Loose-fitting underwear does not specifically help in preventing the spread or reinfection of pinworms. Tight-fitting underwear may actually be better to prevent the spread of eggs to other surfaces.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Encourage your child to avoid sharing hats with other children.' Lice are primarily transmitted through direct head-to-head contact, not by sharing hats or other items. 'Lice can jump from one child to another.' Lice cannot jump; they crawl from one person to another during direct contact. 'Lice do not survive away from the host.' Lice can survive away from a host for a limited period (usually less than a day) but not for extended periods. 'Washing your child's hair daily will prevent lice.' While good hygiene is important, washing hair daily does not necessarily prevent lice infestations.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Dilute the medication with 240 mL (8 oz) of milk. Milk can inhibit iron absorption, so it's not recommended to mix iron supplements with milk. Administer the medication at meal time. Iron supplements are best absorbed when taken with food, specifically vitamin C-rich foods to enhance absorption. This instruction promotes optimal therapeutic effect. Administer the medication at bedtime: Timing with meals is more effective than at bedtime. Offer the medication through a straw. The method of administration is less critical than the timing with meals.