ATI LPN
ATI LPN UT1 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is collecting data for a client who has acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: ARDS involves decreased pulmonary compliance due to the stiffness of the lungs, which results from diffuse alveolar damage and the formation of hyaline membranes. This stiffness makes it difficult for the lungs to expand.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client with asthma. Which of the following happens physiologically when bronchospasm occurs?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bronchospasm in asthma involves inflammation, edema, and excess mucus, leading to airway constriction.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who reports persistent vomiting, dizziness, palpitations, and numbness and tingling in his fingers and toes and around his mouth. The nurse notes the client's respirations are slow and shallow. The nurse should suspect that the client has developed which of the following acid-base imbalances?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic alkalosis occurs due to a loss of hydrogen ions or an excess of bicarbonate, commonly caused by prolonged vomiting. The symptoms described, including persistent vomiting, tingling, and slow, shallow respirations, are consistent with metabolic alkalosis.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is collecting data for a client who has tension pneumothorax. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect following tracheal deviation?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tension pneumothorax compresses the heart and vessels, leading to decreased venous return and cardiac output.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse at a long-term care facility is reinforcing teaching with a newly hired nurse about the care of clients who are receiving mechanical ventilation. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed to 30-45° reduces the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia by preventing aspiration.