ATI LPN
ATI LPN Med Surg U13 Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who reports to the clinic for laboratory tests. The client has an acute kidney injury caused by acute tubular necrosis and asks why their glomerular filtration rate keeps decreasing. Which of the following pathophysiological changes occurring in the kidney should the nurse explain as the cause of decrease?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is injury to the renal tubular cells: In ATN, tubular cell damage disrupts nephron filtration, causing a decline in GFR. Inflammation, reduced blood flow, or obstruction are not the primary causes.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about renal transplant with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as having a contraindication for this procedure?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A client who has a history of IV drug abuse: IV drug abuse is a contraindication due to risks of non-compliance and infections. Pacemakers, normal BMI, and age are not contraindications.
Question 3 of 5
A male presents to the emergency department with confusion, lethargy, and a decreased level of consciousness. His friends report that he ingested a large quantity of unknown pills in a suicide attempt. Laboratory results reveal severe metabolic acidosis, high anion gap, and elevated serum creatinine. Which of the following is the most urgent indication for initiating dialysis in this patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Overdose: Dialysis is indicated to clear toxins from an overdose causing metabolic acidosis and renal impairment. CKD, hypertension, or dehydration are not the primary reasons.
Question 4 of 5
A male patient presents with complaints of chronic stomach pain and is diagnosed with a Helicobacter pylori infection. The physician decides to initiate triple therapy. Which combination of medications is most appropriate for this treatment?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin, and Omeprazole: This is the standard triple therapy for H. pylori, combining two antibiotics and a PPI to eradicate the bacteria and promote healing. Other options are less effective or used in different regimens.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reviewing medications for a client who has just been diagnosed with a small bowel obstruction. The nurse should withhold senna prescribed orally based on understanding of which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Laxatives are contraindicated in clients who have a small bowel obstruction: Laxatives like senna can worsen an obstruction, risking perforation. Other laxatives or NG administration are also inappropriate.