ATI LPN
ATI LPN UT1 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has hypernatremia and is receiving intravenous (IV) hypotonic fluid replacement. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse understand is an indication of an adverse effect from the administration of hypotonic fluids?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypotonic fluids can cause cerebral edema, manifesting as confusion, which is a serious adverse effect.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client in the emergency department (ED) who has high anxiety and shallow respirations at a rate of 30/min. Which of the following acid-base disturbances is the client most likely experiencing?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Respiratory alkalosis is typically caused by hyperventilation, where excessive breathing leads to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels. The client's symptoms of high anxiety and rapid, shallow respirations are indicative of hyperventilation, making respiratory alkalosis the most likely diagnosis.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who reports persistent vomiting, dizziness, palpitations, and numbness and tingling in his fingers and toes and around his mouth. The nurse notes the client's respirations are slow and shallow. The nurse should suspect that the client has developed which of the following acid-base imbalances?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic alkalosis occurs due to a loss of hydrogen ions or an excess of bicarbonate, commonly caused by prolonged vomiting. The symptoms described, including persistent vomiting, tingling, and slow, shallow respirations, are consistent with metabolic alkalosis.
Extract:
History
A 28-year-old male with no significant past medical history presents to the emergency department with sudden-onset sharp chest pain and shortness of breath.
He reports that the pain started while he was lifting weights at the gym.
Physical Examination
On physical examination, you note decreased breath sounds on the right side of the chest and hyperresonance on percussion.
A chest X-ray reveals a visceral pleural line and absent vascular markings on the right side.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management for this patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation and findings suggest a pneumothorax, requiring immediate needle decompression and chest tube insertion to relieve pleural pressure.
Extract:
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assisting with the plan of care for a client who has pneumonia and requires chest percussion, vibration, and postural drainage. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to complete first?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Proper positioning is crucial for effective postural drainage, as it allows gravity to assist in moving secretions from the lung areas to the central airways.