ATI LPN
PN ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a peripheral IV infusion and notes that the client's arm is edematous, cool, and tender at the catheter insertion site. Which of the following complications of IV therapy should the nurse suspect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Edema, coolness, and tenderness suggest infiltration, where IV fluid leaks into surrounding tissue. Infection involves warmth/redness, phlebitis includes inflammation, and nerve damage affects sensation/movement.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has heart failure and a new prescription for furosemide. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following adverse effects?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ringing in ears (tinnitus) is a sign of furosemide ototoxicity; rhinitis and metallic taste aren't typical.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who is postoperative following a fasciotomy. Which of the following interventions should the nurse plan to include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Post-fasciotomy care focuses on pain management, wound healing, and monitoring for complications like infection or compartment syndrome recurrence, not dietary or reproductive restrictions. Offering small, frequent meals supports nutritional needs without overloading the stomach, aiding recovery by maintaining energy for tissue repair, especially if appetite is reduced from pain or medications. A pureed diet is unnecessary unless swallowing is impaired, which isn't indicated here fasciotomy addresses limb pressure, not GI issues. Assisting to the restroom post-meals relates to bowel training, irrelevant to this surgical context. Avoiding sexual intercourse applies to pelvic procedures like colposcopy, not a limb fasciotomy. Small, frequent meals align with postoperative principles, promoting healing and comfort, making it the most relevant intervention for this client's plan of care, enhancing overall recovery without complicating the surgical focus.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who wants to lose 0.9 kg (2 lb.) of body fat per week. The nurse knows that 0.45 kg (1 lb.) of body fat is equal to 3,500 calories. The nurse should instruct the client to reduce his daily caloric intake by how many calories? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 1000
Rationale: Calculation: 2 lb × 3,500 cal/lb = 7,000 cal/week. 7,000 ÷ 7 days = 1,000 cal/day reduction to lose 2 lb weekly.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reviewing vital signs obtained by an assistive personnel on a group of clients. Which of the following changes should the nurse identify as the priority finding?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Blood pressure dropping to 86/50 mm Hg from 118/78 signals hypotension, risking organ perfusion a circulation priority per ABCs. Heart rate falling to 68 from 110 may normalize post-tachycardia, less urgent without distress. Respiratory rate rising to 20 from 12 suggests compensation, but hypotension trumps breathing acuity. Fever at 38.8°C indicates infection, but hemodynamic instability is more immediate shock or bleeding needs rapid action. This finding drives urgent assessment (e.g., fluids, vasopressors), aligning with triage protocols, making it the nurse's top concern.