ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pediatrics Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is assisting with collecting data from a 10-month-old in the emergency department. Medical History: Guardians brought the infant to the emergency room after witnessing the infant's arms and legs shaking. The infant did not respond to the guardians' voices during that time. The episode lasted approximately 5 min and the infant was sleeping soundly afterwards. On the way to the emergency department, the infant had another episode of shaking of the extremities and drooling. The infant was asleep when they arrived for evaluation. The infant has no prior medical or surgical history. Born full-term at 40 weeks to a birth mother who had regular prenatal visits. Actions to Take: Complete the diagram by dragging from the choices below to specify what condition the client is most likely experiencing, 2 actions the nurse should take to address that condition, and 2 parameters the nurse should monitor to assess the client's progress.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The infant's symptoms suggest a possible seizure disorder. Seizures can cause symptoms such as shaking of the extremities and unresponsiveness. The fact that the infant was sleeping soundly after the episode and had another episode of shaking and drooling on the way to the emergency department further supports this. The nurse should monitor the infant's neurological status and vital signs, and administer anticonvulsant medication as ordered by the physician.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Which of the following home care actions should the nurse recommend? (Select all that apply)
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale:
Choice A rationale: Cold compresses can help relieve joint pain associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Cold therapy can reduce inflammation and numb the affected area, providing temporary relief.
Choice B rationale: This is incorrect. Ibuprofen should not be taken on an empty stomach because it can cause stomach upset or even lead to ulcers or bleeding. It is generally recommended to take ibuprofen with food or milk.
Choice C rationale: Performing range of motion exercises can help maintain joint flexibility and muscle strength in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Regular exercise can also improve overall physical function and well-being.
Choice D rationale: While homeschooling may be a consideration for some families, it is not a general recommendation for all children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Many children with this condition can attend regular school with some accommodations as needed.
Choice E rationale: This is correct. Providing extra time for completion of activities of daily living (ADLs) can help children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis manage their symptoms and maintain their independence. It is important to allow children to perform tasks at their own pace to avoid causing unnecessary pain or fatigue.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for an infant with suspected pyloric stenosis. Which clinical manifestation would indicate pyloric stenosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Abdominal rigidity and pain on palpation are not typical signs of pyloric stenosis. Pyloric stenosis usually presents with non-bilious projectile vomiting, a palpable olive-shaped mass in the upper abdomen, and signs of dehydration. A rounded abdomen and hypoactive bowel sounds are characteristic signs of pyloric stenosis. The hypertrophied pyloric muscle obstructs the passage of food from the stomach to the duodenum, leading to gastric distention, visible peristalsis, and vomiting. The infant may appear hungry after vomiting and will continue to feed, leading to weight loss. Visible peristalsis and weight loss are consistent with pyloric stenosis. The visible peristalsis occurs as the infant tries to force the stomach contents through the narrowed pyloric sphincter. Weight loss is a result of poor feeding and vomiting. Distention of the lower abdomen and constipation are not typical findings in pyloric stenosis. Constipation suggests a lower gastrointestinal issue, while pyloric stenosis primarily affects the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Question 4 of 5
A child weighs 6 lbs and is to receive Ampicillin 50 mg/kg/24 hrs and then it's divided into q hr doses. How many mg will he receive with each dose?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Step 1: Convert the child's weight from lbs to kg. Since 1 lb is approximately 0.45 kg, a child who weighs 6 lbs weighs approximately 2.72 kg (6 lbs × 0.45 =2.72 kg).
Step 2: Calculate the total daily dose of Ampicillin. The total daily dose is 50 mg/kg/day, so for a child who weighs 2.72 kg, the total daily dose would be approximately 136 mg (50 mg/kg/day × 2.72 kg = 136 mg/day).
Step 3: Since the total daily dose is divided into q hr doses (4 doses per day), each dose would be approximately 34 mg (136 mg/day ÷ 4 doses/day = 34 mg/dose). So, the child will receive approximately 34 mg of Ampicillin with each dose.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assisting with the admission of a 2-year-old toddler who has acute gastroenteritis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Initiate isotonic fluids with 20 mEq/L potassium chloride. While it is important to maintain hydration in a child with acute gastroenteritis, initiating isotonic fluids with 20 mEq/L potassium chloride is not the first action a nurse should take. The child's hydration status and electrolyte balance need to be assessed first. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the use of isotonic solutions with adequate potassium chloride and dextrose for maintenance IV fluids in children. Collect a stool sample from the toddler Collecting a stool sample can help identify the cause of the gastroenteritis. However, this is not the first step. The stool sample collection should be done using a clean, dry toilet hat or plastic wrap. But before this, the child's hydration status needs to be assessed. Determine if the toddler is voiding The first action the nurse should take when using the nursing process is assessment.
Therefore, checking if the toddler is voiding is the priority. This will help assess the child's hydration status, which is critical in managing acute gastroenteritis. Request evaluation of the toddler's serum electrolytes Requesting an evaluation of the toddler's serum electrolytes is also important, but it's typically done after the initial assessment. Fluid and electrolyte derangement are the immediate causes that increase the mortality in diarrhea. However, before requesting this evaluation, the nurse should first determine if the toddler is voiding to assess the child's hydration status.