ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse caring for a client who has a new prescription for atenolol. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor the client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bradycardia. Atenolol is a beta-blocker that can cause bradycardia due to its effect on reducing heart rate. The nurse should monitor the client for signs of bradycardia such as dizziness, fatigue, and low heart rate. Neutropenia (
A), anemia (
C), and hypokalemia (
D) are not common adverse effects of atenolol. Neutropenia is more commonly associated with other medications like chemotherapy, anemia is not a known side effect of atenolol, and hypokalemia is more associated with diuretics.
Question 2 of 5
Which drug group inhibits the formation of clots?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Anticoagulants. Anticoagulants are drugs that specifically target and inhibit the formation of blood clots by interfering with the clotting cascade. They work by blocking certain clotting factors or enzymes involved in the clotting process. Antibiotics (
A), analgesics (
B), and antidepressants (
C) do not have any direct effect on clot formation. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, analgesics are pain relievers, and antidepressants are used to treat depression. Anticoagulants are the only drug group among the choices that directly target clot formation, making them the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer 0/9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl) 20ml/kg IV tp infuse over 6 hr to a school-age child who weighs 55 lbs. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many ml/hr? (Round to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
To calculate the IV rate, first convert the child's weight from pounds to kg: 55 lbs ÷ 2.2 = 25 kg.
Then, calculate the total fluid volume needed: 20 ml/kg x 25 kg = 500 ml. Next, determine the infusion time in hours: 6 hours. Finally, divide the total volume by the infusion time to get the rate: 500 ml ÷ 6 hr ≈ 83 ml/hr.
Therefore, the correct answer is D (83 mL/hr) because it accurately calculates the infusion rate based on the child's weight and the desired infusion time. Other choices are incorrect as they don't follow the correct calculation method or provide inaccurate results.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is stated correctly using metric abbreviations and rules?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ampicillin 500 mg. This is the correct format following metric abbreviations and rules. In the metric system, lowercase letters are used for units, and uppercase letters are used for prefixes. The value (500) comes before the unit (mg), and there should be a space between the number and the unit.
Choice B has the incorrect order of value and unit.
Choice C uses uppercase letters for the unit, which is incorrect.
Choice D is not necessary to include the decimal point and zero for whole numbers.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer phenobarbital 6 mg/kg/day PO divided in equal doses every 12 hr to a client who weighs 44 lbs. Available is phenobarbital elixir 20 mg/5ml. The nurse should administer how many mL per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use trailing zeros.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
To calculate the dose, first convert the client's weight from lbs to kg: 44 lbs / 2.2 = 20 kg.
Then, multiply the weight by the dose: 20 kg x 6 mg/kg/day = 120 mg/day. Since the dose is divided every 12 hours, the nurse should administer 60 mg every 12 hours. Now, determine how many mL of the elixir contain 60 mg: 20 mg/5 mL = 60 mg/x mL. Cross multiply to find x: 20x = 300. Solve for x: x = 300/20 = 15 mL.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: 15 mL. Other choices are incorrect as they do not align with the calculated dose based on the client's weight and the concentration of the elixir.