ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Which factors may affect drug absorption? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: The correct factors that may affect drug absorption are A, B, C, and E.
A: Gastric emptying time affects the rate at which the drug moves from the stomach to the intestines for absorption.
B: Capillary walls with large spaces between cells allow for easier drug diffusion into the bloodstream.
C: Stability and solubility of the medication impact its ability to dissolve and be absorbed effectively.
E: Presence of food in the stomach or intestines can alter the pH and enzymes, affecting drug absorption.
D: Inspiratory effort is related to respiratory function, not drug absorption.
Question 2 of 5
Order: 1000 mL of D5½NS with 1 ampule of multiple vitamins to infuse over 8 hours Available: Macrodrip set: 15 gtt/mL Calculate the IV flow rate in gtt/min.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the IV flow rate in gtt/min, first determine the total volume to infuse (1000 mL) over the total time (8 hours = 480 minutes).
Then, calculate the flow rate using the formula: Flow rate (gtt/min) =
Total volume (mL) /
Total time (min). Substituting values, we get 1000 mL / 480 min = 2.08 mL/min. Next, convert mL/min to gtt/min using the drip factor (15 gtt/mL): 2.08 mL/min x 15 gtt/mL = 31.2 gtt/min. Since we can't have a fraction of a drop, round down to the nearest whole number, making the correct answer 31 gtt/min. Other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately result from the calculations.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is educating a client who has been prescribed a 10-day course of antibiotics for a bacterial infection. The nurse emphasizes the importance of completing the full course and informs the client about the signs and symptoms of a superinfection. Which statement by the client indicates a correct understanding of the nurse's teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: B
Rationale: Option B is correct because it demonstrates the client understands the importance of completing the full course of antibiotics to ensure the infection is completely eradicated. Reporting unusual symptoms like a white coating on the tongue is essential as it could indicate a superinfection.
Option A is incorrect as severe diarrhea should not be ignored, it could be a sign of a superinfection. Option C is incorrect as sharing antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance. Option D is incorrect as stopping antibiotics prematurely can result in the infection not being fully treated, leading to potential relapse.
Question 4 of 5
Calculate the dosage using the label below. Round to the nearest tenth place. Order: Celestone, Soluspan (betamethasone) 12 mg IM q24 hr. for 2 doses. Available
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 2 mL IM.
To calculate the dosage, we need to multiply the dose ordered (12 mg) by the number of doses (2) to get a total of 24 mg. Next, we need to check the concentration of the medication. If the concentration is 6 mg/mL, we divide the total dose (24 mg) by the concentration (6 mg/mL) to get 4 mL.
Therefore, the correct dosage is 4 mL. Option A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not follow the calculation based on the ordered dose and concentration provided on the label. Option E, F, and G are not applicable.
Question 5 of 5
Where do enteric coated tablets typically disintegrate in the body?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Duodenum. Enteric-coated tablets are designed to withstand the acidic environment of the stomach and only disintegrate in the alkaline environment of the duodenum. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine, where the pH is higher due to the presence of bicarbonate from the pancreas. This delayed release allows for protection of the drug from stomach acid and enzymes.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because enteric-coated tablets are specifically formulated to avoid disintegration in the esophagus, stomach, or colon.