ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Exam I Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse notes that the patient is scratching and has hives 2 hours after receiving a dose of antibiotic medication. The patient soon starts having difficulty breathing and his blood pressure drops. What is the correct analysis of the patient's condition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Moderate reactions don't cause breathing difficulty or hypotension. Severe symptoms indicate anaphylaxis, requiring emergency intervention. Symptoms align with anaphylaxis, not food poisoning. Assuming an unrelated cause delays life-saving treatment. Mild reactions lack systemic effects like hypotension and breathing difficulties. Antihistamines alone are insufficient for anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis involves systemic reactions such as hypotension, airway constriction, and skin symptoms. Immediate interventions prevent progression and save lives.
Question 2 of 5
A patient is to receive insulin Regular and insulin NPH. How will the nurse draw up the insulins for administration?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Separate syringes increase injection sites and patient discomfort; mixing is standard as Regular and NPH are compatible, optimizing insulin delivery efficiency and absorption. Drawing Regular (clear) before NPH (cloudy) in one syringe prevents contamination of the short-acting vial with the intermediate-acting insulin, ensuring accurate dosing and stability. Shaking insulin damages its structure; NPH requires gentle rolling to mix, while Regular needs no mixing, making vigorous shaking inappropriate for preparation. Drawing NPH first risks contaminating the Regular vial with NPH particles, altering its rapid action; the clear-to-cloudy sequence maintains insulin integrity and efficacy.
Question 3 of 5
The physician orders Ceclor 175 mg po for an ear infection. After reconstitution, the medication is available as 125 mg/5 mL. How many milliliters will the nurse administer?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: 5 mL gives 125 mg
Question 4 of 5
The physician orders Salagen 10 mg po twice a day for dry eyes. The medication is supplied in 5-mg tablets. How many tablets will the nurse administer?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: One 5-mg tablet delivers 5 mg; this underdoses the 10 mg ordered, reducing salivation stimulation needed for dry eye relief. Two 5-mg tablets equal 10 mg; this matches the order, ensuring therapeutic cholinergic effect to increase tear production effectively. Three tablets (15 mg) overdose; excess pilocarpine risks side effects (e.g., sweating, bradycardia) without added benefit for dry eyes. Four tablets (20 mg) far exceed the dose; this could cause severe cholinergic toxicity, including respiratory distress, outweighing therapeutic intent.
Question 5 of 5
A patient consumes 120 mL of orange juice and 120 mL of milk for breakfast, 260 mL of coffee for lunch, and 90 mL of an ice pop and 120 mL of ice cream for dinner. Calculate the intake for the 6 AM to 6 PM shift.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: 610 mL omits ice cream (120 mL); total is 120+120+260+90+120=710 mL; this undercalculation misses a key liquid intake component. 710 mL sums all: 120 (juice) + 120 (milk) + 260 (coffee) + 90 (ice pop) + 120 (ice cream); melted solids count as fluid, matching clinical standards. 810 mL overestimates; no additional fluids are listed beyond 710 mL; this error likely adds non-existent intake, skewing the total inaccurately. 910 mL vastly exceeds reality; it may double-count or invent fluids; only 710 mL is supported by the listed consumption data provided.